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161.
Taxes and capital structure: evidence from firms' response to the Tax Reform Act of 1986 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
While the theoretical relation between taxes and capital structurehas been extensively analyzed, the empirical evidence on thisissue has thus far been inconclusive. One of the main difficultiesconfronting previous empirical studies of the cross-sectionalrelationship between taxes and leverage was the control of interveningvariables. The Tax Reform Act of 1986 (TRA), which drasticallychanged the tax regime, provides a unique opportunity to assessthe interaction between taxes and leverage decisions in a controlledenvironment. We test the relationship between leverage and certaintax-related variables for a large sample of companies in theyears surrounding the enactment of the TRA. The results supportthe tax-based theories of capital structure. The findings indicatethat there exists a substitution effect between debt and nondebttax shields, and that both corporate and personal tax ratesaffect leverage decisions. 相似文献
162.
163.
Oğuzhan Özcan Lale Akarun 《International Journal of Technology and Design Education》2002,12(2):161-171
In todays, computer-centered society, designing interactive media has emerged as a new profession. Interactive design is often
associated with spread of computers as a communication and interaction tool. However, interactive design has been a staple
of artists and designers for many centuries. We present a historical perspective upon interactive design and point out the
close relationship of this field with different fields of art and design. We argue that interactive media design is a distinct
and evolving field and that it is imperative to teach it as such.
In this paper, we have adopted this perspective and detailed a new four-year under-graduate curriculum on interactive media
design education. This curriculum stresses the various components of interactive media design and its close relationship with
computer science.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
164.
Spence (1975, footnote 5, p. 420) has shown that, in equilibrium, a price-regulated monopoly will supply a socially suboptimal level of quality. This tendency to undersupply quality has been used to justify an expansion of regulatory controls to the quality dimension in certain regulated industries (e.g., electricity and telecommunications). In this paper, we examine the effects of entry on equilibrium product quality in an industry which is price-regulated. A generalized conjectural variation model is used which allows both monopolistic and oligopolistic market structures. Using this model, we find that regulation generally leads to a socially nonoptimal (either too high or too low) level of quality, where the direction of the resulting departure from optimal quality depends upon the conjectures that firms form. Spence's result is obtained as a special case. We then demonstrate that a policy that encourages (or, at least, does not discourage) entry into the regulated market will cause equilibrium quality to move in a social-welfare-improving direction, regardless of the direction of the original distortion. 相似文献
165.
Peter O. Okaiyeto 《Food Policy》1983,8(2):154
A recent article in Food Policy, ‘US-Soviet grain embargoes: regulating the MNCs’, by Erik Lindell,1 broached the problem of controlling and regulating multinational corporations (MNCs) during recent US-Soviet grain embargoes. While agreeing with Lindell's analysis as far as it goes, Peter Okaiyeto provides a conceptual framework to improve our understanding of why MNCs behave as they do, demonstrating that MNCs will undermine those global interests of their national governments that run counter to their own interests. 相似文献
166.
Steven J. Skinner D.B.A. O. C. Ferrell Ph.D. William M. Pride Ph.D. 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》1984,12(1-2):106-114
A mail survey was conducted to empirically investigate contributions to charity as a method of stimulating responses to a
mail survey. The research design included a control group and four experimental groups with the following treatments: a prepayment
of $1.00 enclosed with the questionnaire (immediate personal reward), $1.00 promised upon return of the questionnaire with
the respondent identified (delayed personal reward, no anonymity), $1.00 promised upon return of the questionnaire with no
identification of the respondent (delayed personal reward, anonymity), and the promise of $1.00 contribution to a respondent-selected
charity (delayed non-personal reward). The $1.00 prepayment yielded a statistically significant higher response rate than
the $1.00 promised to charity or $1.00 promised upon return of the questionnaire. This study generally supports existing empirical
foudnations of equity theory. An immediate personal reward yields a higher response rate than a delayed personal or non-personal
reward. 相似文献
167.
J. O. N. Vickers 《Industrial Relations Journal》1971,2(2):46-51
The contract cleaning industry has hitherto managed to avoid the establishment of collective bargaining machinery. Will this situation be remedied in the light of the N.B.P.I, report, pressure from the unions concerned and the T.U.C. ? 相似文献
168.
169.
170.
Anne O. Krueger 《Intereconomics》1979,14(1):19-24
To analyze the role of the trade and payments regime in economic development the National Bureau of Economic Research undertook a major research project on this issue. In this article a brief report on some of the findings pertaining to the effect of exchange rates, i. e. devaluation under exchange control is provided. 相似文献