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241.
We develop a methodology to determine numerically how globalized the world economy is. We present a global general equilibrium model capturing major OECD economies and a residual rest of world for which alternative metrics of distance between observed, free trade and autarky equilibria can be developed. We use data for 2000 and report a number of distance measures between the 2000 observed trade restricted equilibrium and both free trade and autarky equilibria noting the absence of prior literature on metrics of distance between equilibria. The measures are used to determine the degree to which the world economy is globalized. 相似文献
242.
Subjects update prior information simultaneously versus sequentially. The mean prediction is remarkably close to the correct Bayesian estimate with simultaneous information, but differs significantly conditional on whether good news precedes bad news or vice versa. 相似文献
243.
Public good contributions may be affected by the social demand to contribute that is implicit in them. Sensitivity to social pressure predicts behavior in paired dictator and money burning games; the evidence for effects on public good contribution is mixed. 相似文献
244.
John J. Horton 《Economics Letters》2011,111(1):10-12
Critics of online labor markets claim that employer abuses are endemic in these markets. Surveying a sample of workers, I find that, on average, workers perceive online employers to be slightly fairer and more honest than offline employers. 相似文献
245.
In the nonparametric measurement of allocative efficiency, output prices are fixed. If prices are endogenous, the overall output in the market determines the allocative efficient point. We develop an alternative semi-nonparametric model that allows prices to be endogenously determined. 相似文献
246.
Nelson JW 《Nursing economic$》2011,29(4):215-219
Caring is not generally considered in structured and scientific analysis of situations. But this may be a mistake. Caring likely has a return on investment that surpasses all other technology, pharmacotherapy, or system that has been developed to date for health care. As the puzzle of caring as an intervention of healing continues to come together, the outcomes of care for self and others will become clear. It is apparent by the number of studies generated by just one group, the Caring International Research Collaborative, there is a shared belief caring is healing and has a potential for return on investment that has yet to be realized. 相似文献
247.
Trust is frequently a requirement for economic exchanges and the management of natural resources. Providing public information on past actions can promote trust through the formation of reputations. We developed an economic experiment to test whether a formal reputation mechanism could facilitate trusting relationships in the tradable grazing rights markets. Providing information to create formal public reputations for market participants did not increase the overall efficiency of the market. However, it did result in greater equality of income between partners, suggesting that participants showed more concern for their partners when they knew they would be rated. Even with public reputation information, bilateral relationships remained central to the market. Market failures in existing grazing rights markets may be better addressed by measures to increase communication between partners rather than simply relying on a formal reputation mechanism. 相似文献
248.
This paper presents a simulation-based modelling approach for estimating total visitor numbers and amenity values for prospective non-priced open-access outdoor recreation sites. To begin, the geographic extent of the market for recreation at a policy site is estimated using data from a similar study site. The population residing within this geographic area is simulated using a spatial microsimulation model and GIS techniques and an individual-level ‘visitor arrival function’ is then transferred across this simulated population. This allows the latent demand for visits to the policy site by each simulated individual to be predicted and summed, providing an estimate of the total potential demand for recreation at the site. Combining this with an economic value measure of a visit provides an estimate of the potential amenity value of the policy site. The approach is applied to Moyode Wood, a small-scale forest in the West of Ireland, and estimates the potential total economic value of recreation at €0.4 million for the site. The research represents the first time that spatial microsimulation has been used in environmental benefit transfer and shows how it can be used to control for differences in demographic and spatial factors between study and policy sites. It also demonstrates how individual-level single-site travel cost models estimated using on-site survey data can be used to predict demand at alternative policy sites. 相似文献
249.
Evolutionary macroeconomics: a research agenda 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
John Foster 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2011,21(1):5-28
In this article, the goal is to offer a new research agenda for evolutionary macroeconomics. The article commences with a
broad review of the main ideas in the history of thought concerning the determinants of economic growth and an introduction
to the evolutionary perspective. This is followed by a selective review of recent evolutionary approaches to macroeconomics.
These approaches are found to be somewhat disconnected. It is argued that the ‘micro-meso-macro’ approach to economic evolution
is capable of resolving this problem by offering an analytical framework in which macroeconomics can be built upon ‘meso-foundations’,
not micro-foundations, as asserted in the mainstream. It is also stressed that the economic system and its components are
complex adaptive systems and that this complexity must not be assumed away through the imposition of simplistic assumptions
made for analytical convenience. It is explained that complex economic systems are, at base, energetic in character but differ
from biological complex systems in the way that they collect, store and apply knowledge. It is argued that a focus upon stocks
and flows of energy and knowledge in complex economic systems can yield an appropriate analytical framework for macroeconomics.
It is explained how such a framework can be connected with key insights of both Schumpeter and Keynes that have been eliminated
in modern macroeconomics. A macroeconomic framework that cannot be operationalized empirically is of limited usefulness so,
in the last part of the article, an appropriate methodology for evolutionary macroeconomics is discussed. 相似文献
250.
We explore whether competitive outcomes arise in an experimental implementation of a market game, introduced by Shubik (1973) [21]. Market games obtain Pareto inferior (strict) Nash equilibria, in which some or possibly all markets are closed. We find that subjects do not coordinate on autarkic Nash equilibria, but favor more efficient Nash equilibria in which all markets are open. As the number of subjects participating in the market game increases, the Nash equilibrium they achieve approximates the associated competitive equilibrium of the underlying economy. Motivated by these findings, we provide a theoretical argument for why evolutionary forces can lead to competitive outcomes in market games. 相似文献