Trends in the development of information technology and their effects on the production structure in Europe

In this paper, the authors have made an attempt to build a scenario of how technology can have an impact on the Production structure i n Europe, and how these changes will effect the international division of labour. The authors start from the premise that the applications of new product and process technologies are leading to stepwise changes in production structures. They borrow from economic and managerial theories, present a number of scenarios for two types of technologies (biotechnology and information technology). From these scenarios some implications are proposed.     

Trajectories of Internationalization: Knowledge and National Business Styles in the Making of Two Dutch Publishing Multinationals, 1950-1990

The internationalization of business is the subject of an extensivetheoretical literature as well as a growing number of historicalstudies. Historians have paid relatively little attention tothe development of multinationals in the service sector, andstudies about international publishing are especially scarce.This article discusses the early internationalization of twoDutch publishing firms, Kluwer (now Wolters Kluwer) and Elsevier(now Reed Elsevier) and confronts these case histories withthe evolutionary theory of internationalization. The Dutch casesunderline the important role of experience, knowledge and learningas well as of the national context in which companies develop.They also show that these factors allow for very different trajectoriesof internationalization within the same branch of business andthe same country.     

Optimal variable weighting for ultrametric and additive tree clustering

A method is developed which for a given objects by variables data matrix estimates weighted inter-object distances that are optimally suited for either an ultrametric or an additive tree representation. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated on two synthetic data sets having a known tree structure and on one real data set. In the final section, some possible extensions of the present method are discussed.     

De Proliferatie van Economische Modellen

Bespreking vanE. Scheele, Einkommensverteilung und Wirtschaftswachstum, J. C. B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck), Tübingen 1965, 263 blz. enE. Heuss, Die Verbindung von mikroökonomischer und makroökonomischer Verteilungstheorie. Walter Eucken Institut. VortrÄge und AufsÄtze. J. C. B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck), Tübingen 1965, 40 blz.     

Quantiles, expectiles and splines

A time-varying quantile can be fitted by formulating a time series model for the corresponding population quantile and iteratively applying a suitably modified state space signal extraction algorithm. It is shown that such quantiles satisfy the defining property of fixed quantiles in having the appropriate number of observations above and below. Like quantiles, time-varying expectiles can be estimated by a state space signal extraction algorithm and they satisfy properties that generalize the moment conditions associated with fixed expectiles. Because the state space form can handle irregularly spaced observations, the proposed algorithms can be adapted to provide a viable means of computing spline-based non-parametric quantile and expectile regressions.     

煤发热量含义及其相互关系

指出煤的发热量是一项重要指标。重点介绍不同燃烧状态，不同基准的发热量的含义及其相互关系。