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51.
The Positive Effect of Industrial District on the Export Performance of Italian Firms 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Economies of scale in the provision of export services and informal face-to-face exchanges of information about export markets may improve export performance of small firms located in Marshallian districts (locales). This paper presents an empirical test of this hypothesis and finds that geographical agglomeration of small-medium firms in a delimited area significantly affects their export intensity and their probability of becoming exporters. The significance of geographical agglomeration persists in spite of all controls which show how the dependent variable is also (positively) affected by export subsidies, formal export cooperation among firms, cooperation in (and quality of) innovation, size and age. 相似文献
52.
The Dynamics of Fair Trade as a Mixed-form Market 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This article analyses the Fair Trade sector as a “mixed-form market,” i.e., a market in which different types of players (in
this case, nonprofit, co-operative and for-profit organizations) coexist and compete. The purposes of this article are (1)
to understand the factors that have led Fair Trade to become a mixed-form market and (2) to propose some trails to understand
the market dynamics that result from the interactions between the different types of players. We start by defining briefly
Fair Trade, its different dimensions (including the “fair” quality of the products) and its organizational landscape, focusing
on the distinction between the pioneer “Alternative Trading Organizations” and the second-mover companies. Then, we recall
the theoretical emergence factors for each type of organization (nonprofit, co-operative and for-profit) and apply these emergence
factors to the context of Fair Trade. This analysis allows us to capture the specificities of each type of operator with regard
to Fair Trade and, thus, to have a better understanding of the dynamics in the sector. Such dynamics includes competition,
but also conflict and partnership. Our analysis includes elements on ethical imitation, consumers’ behaviors, effects on welfare
and the role of the government. 相似文献
53.
ABSTRACTWe introduce a dynamic formulation for the problem of portfolio selection of pension funds in the absence of a risk-free asset. In emerging markets, a risk-free asset might be unavailable, and the approaches commonly used may no longer be suitable. We use a parametric approach to combine dynamic programming and Monte Carlo simulation to gain additional flexibility. This approach is general in the sense that optimal asset allocation is tractable for all HARA utility functions in the absence of a risk-free asset. The traditional case composed of several risky assets and one risk-free asset is compared to a case in which the risk-free asset is unavailable. 相似文献
54.
Julie Whitfield Leonardo A. N. Dioko Don Webber Linjue Zhang 《International Journal of Tourism Research》2014,16(2):169-179
This study presents an importance‐performance analysis of multi‐level attributes (event, facility and destination) evaluated by delegates attending an exhibition event in a ‘complex meetings, incentive, convention or exhibition (MICE) venue’ in greater China (mainland China, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan). The study's findings expound the relevance of various attributes in light of the emergence of complex MICE venues and destination resorts and, in particular, emphasizes the relative importance of destination – vis‐à‐vis facility – and core event‐related attributes towards determining exhibition attendance. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
55.
We investigate the performance of socially responsible funds (SRFs) and conventional funds (CFs) in different market (geographical area and class size) segments during the period 1992–2012. From an unbalanced sample of more than 22 000 funds, we define a matched sample using a beta-distance measure to match any SRF with the ‘nearest neighbour’ CF in terms of sensitivity to risk factors. Using this matching approach and a recursive analysis, we identify several switch points in the lead/lag relationship between the two investment styles over time in different market segments. A relevant finding of our analysis is that SRFs played an ‘insurance role’ outperforming CFs during the 2007 global financial crisis. 相似文献
56.
The recent availability of cross-sectional and longitudinal survey data on life satisfaction in a large number of countries gives us the opportunity to verify empirically (and not just to assume) what matters for individuals and what economists and policymakers should take into account when trying to promote personal and societal well-being. We now have ample evidence, generally robust to different cultural backgrounds, on the effects of some important happiness drivers (income, health, unemployment, marital status, etc.) which can be considered “quasi-stylized facts” of happiness. If economic policies, for many obvious reasons, cannot maximize self-declared life satisfaction as such, we are nonetheless learning a lot from these findings. In particular, results on the relevance of relational goods, on the inflation/unemployment trade-off in terms of welfare and, more in general, on the measurement of the shadow value of non-market goods obtained with life satisfaction estimates are conveying relevant information about individual preferences and what is behind utility functions. Such findings suggest that the anthropological reductionism characterizing most economic models can be misleading and that target indicators of economic policies have to be refocused if we want to minimize the distance between economic development and human progress. 相似文献
57.
Leonardo Gambacorta 《Economic Notes》2001,30(1):109-143
The aim of this paper is to design the optimal institutional arrangement for a monetary union. Using a two-country rational expectations model, the study analyses how the conservatism of the area-wide central bank and the penalty system for fiscal deviation (Stability and Growth Pact) should be designed with respect to different economic shocks. The optimal institutional arrangement is also dependent on who is the 'leader' of the policy game. When national governments move first, the independent area-wide central bank can exercise greater discipline over national fiscal policies, making the Stability Pact unnecessary.
(J.E.L.: E58, E63, F42). 相似文献
(J.E.L.: E58, E63, F42). 相似文献
58.
Juan Benjamin Duarte Duarte Leonardo Hernán Talero Sarmiento Katherine Julieth Sierra Juárez 《Contaduría y Administración》2017,62(4):1361-1376
The main objective of this article is to develop a Cellular Automaton Model in which more than one type of stockbroker interact, and where the use and exchange of information between investors describe the complexity measured through the estimation of the Hurst exponent. This exponent represents an efficient or random market when it has a value equal to 0.5. Thanks to the various proposals, it can be determined in this investigation that a rational component must exist in the simulator in order to generate an efficient behavior. 相似文献
59.
Leonardo Becchetti Vittorio Pelligra Tommaso Reggiani 《International Tax and Public Finance》2017,24(6):1026-1049
In this paper, we study by means of a framed field experiment on a representative sample of the population the effect on people’s charitable giving of three, substantial and procedural, elements: information provision, belief elicitation and threshold on distribution. We frame this investigation within the 5X1000 tax scheme, a mechanism through which Italian taxpayers may choose to give a small proportion (0.5%) of their income tax to a voluntary organization to fund its activities. We find two main results: (i) providing information or eliciting beliefs about previous donations increases the likelihood of a donation, while thresholds have no effect; (ii) information about previous funding increases donations to organizations that received fewer donations in the past, while belief elicitation also increases donations to organizations that received most donations in the past, since individuals are more likely to donate to the organizations they rank first. 相似文献
60.
Our aim is to demark a pathway towards Schumpeterian theories of finance and development. To do this, we offer four basic propositions for discussion. First, we suggest that ‘convergence’ and ‘catch-up’ are, from a Schumpeterian perspective, theoretically inadequate concepts as they frame development narratives similarly to the Rostovian idea of a linear path towards some sort of ‘equilibrium imposed on history’. Leapfrogging by means of innovation and finance is put forward as a better approach to analyzing development trajectories. Second, we contend that rather than the often-assumed convergence among nations, history shows that ‘divergence’ is a more common result of development trajectories; this is especially visible in the last half a century. Third, we outline the key features of this Schumpeterian framework, centered on the concept of leapfrogging through innovation and finance. We conclude by highlighting the essential roles of finance and financial governance within this alternative framework for understanding successful development trajectories, and posit that this construct may be labeled a Schumpeterian entrepreneurial state. 相似文献