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101.
Zusammenfassung Schwankungen der relativen Preise und Trade-Off zwischen Produktion und Inflation einer offenen Volkswirtschaft. — Der Zweck dieses Aufsatzes ist es, in einer ?konometrischen Untersuchung zu zeigen, welche Ansto\wirkung von der Inflation und den Schwankungen der relativen Preise auf das reale Produktionsniveau einer kleinen offenen Volkswirtschaft ausgeht. Betrachtet man die Erfahrung Mexikos w?hrend der Periode fester Wechselkurse (1953-1976), dann zeigt sich, da\ die Schwankungen der relativen Preise die Gesamtproduktion beeintr?chtigten. Es kann indes kein signifikanter Trade-Off zwischen Produktion und Inflation auf der Ebene der aggregierten Gr?\en festgestellt werden. Wird dagegen die Gesamtproduktion in handelbare und nichthandelbare Güter disaggregiert, dann zeigt sich, da\ das Produktionsniveau in beiden. Sektoren eine abnehmende Funktion der Variabilit?t der relativen Preise ist und in signifikanter Weise positiv auf unerwartete Ver?nderungen der Inflationsrate reagiert. Insgesamt stützen die Ergebnisse die “natural-rate” Version der Wechselbeziehung zwischen Produktion und Inflation, wenn sie um die Wirkungen relativer Preise und die Besonderheiten einer offenen Volkswirtschaft erweitert wird.
Résumé La variabilité en prix relatifs et le ?trade-off? production-inflation d’une économie ouverte. — Le but de cet article est d’évaluer dans une étude économétrique l’effet de l’inflation et de la variabilité en prix relatifs sur le niveau de la production réelle dans une petite économie ouverte. En considérant l’expérience du Mexique pendant la période de taux de change fixe (1953–1976) les auteurs démontrent que la variabilité en prix relatifs a des effets négatifs sur la production agrégée. Cependant, un ?trade-off? production-inflation significatif ne peut pas être identifié au niveau agrégé. Si la production totale est désagrégée en biens commercés et non-commercés on trouve que le niveau de la production dans les deux secteurs est une fonction décroissante de la variabilité en prix relatifs et une fonction croissante significative des changements en inflation imprévue. En général, les résultats supportent la version de ?taux naturel? du ?trade-off? production-inflation si elle est étendue pour inclure les effets des prix relatifs aussi bien qu’une considération de l’économie ouverte.

Resumen Variabilidad en los precios relativos y alternativas entre inflación y producto en una economia abierta. — El estudio es una evaluación econométrica del impacto de la inflación y de la variabilidad de precios relativos sobre el producto real en una peque?a economía abierta. Analizando la experiencia de Méjico en el período de tipo de cambio fijo (1953–1976), se muestra la influencia negativa sobre el producto nacional del grado de variabilidad en los precios relativos. Sin embargo, no se identifica de forma significativa un conflicto entre producto e inflación a nivel agregado. Cuando el producto nacional se divide en dos partes, según si sus correspondientes bienes y servicios se comercien o no con el exterior, el resultado es, que el nivel de producto en los dos sectores es una función decreciente de la variabilidad de precios relativos y la inflación inesperada tiene también un efecto positivo significativo sobre el nivel de producto de los dos sectores. En conjunto, los resultados son consistentes con la interpretatión del conflicto entre inflación y desempleo por medio de la teoría de la Tasa Natural de Desempleo, esta última ampliada de forma que se tengan en cuenta los posibles efectos de los precios relativos y del grado de apertura exterior de la economía.
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102.
    
ABSTRACT

The Eurozone crisis has exposed several weaknesses of the European Monetary Union economies. This paper aims to assess the impact on external competitiveness of an expansionary capital stock policy that could contribute to reduce the trade balance asymmetries within the EU and help European exporters to recover their competitive role in international markets. A policy action to increase capital stock accumulation through investment in selected European countries could generate a double dividend: increasing both price and nonprice competitiveness, so stimulating their competitive position as exporters, and consolidating the growth path of EU economy. The analysis employs a bilateral trade model built at INFORUM with several distinguishing characteristics: a comprehensive bilateral data set, econometric estimation of key parameters, and emphasis on sectoral details. Our findings show that a capital stock increase is effective in narrowing trade imbalances within EU. Heterogeneous effects are estimated for commodities in China and the US.  相似文献   
103.
    
In this study, we suggest a portfolio selection framework based on time series of stock log-returns, option-implied information, and multivariate non-Gaussian processes. We empirically assess a multivariate extension of the normal tempered stable (NTS) model and of the generalized hyperbolic (GH) one by implementing an estimation method that simultaneously calibrates the multivariate time series of log-returns and, for each margin, the univariate observed one-month implied volatility smile. To extract option-implied information, the connection between the historical measure P and the risk-neutral measure Q, needed to price options, is provided by the multivariate Esscher transform. The method is applied to fit a 50-dimensional series of stock returns, to evaluate widely known portfolio risk measures and to perform a forward-looking portfolio selection analysis. The proposed models are able to produce asymmetries, heavy tails, both linear and non-linear dependence and, to calibrate them, there is no need for liquid multivariate derivative quotes.  相似文献   
104.
In this paper, we introduce a new GARCH model with an infinitely divisible distributed innovation. This model, which we refer to as the rapidly decreasing tempered stable (RDTS) GARCH model, takes into account empirical facts that have been observed for stock and index returns, such as volatility clustering, non-zero skewness, and excess kurtosis for the residual distribution. We review the classical tempered stable (CTS) GARCH model, which has similar statistical properties. By considering a proper density transformation between infinitely divisible random variables, we can find the risk-neutral price process, thereby allowing application to option-pricing. We propose algorithms to generate scenarios based on GARCH models with CTS and RDTS innovations. To investigate the performance of these GARCH models, we report parameter estimates for the Dow Jones Industrial Average index and stocks included in this index. To demonstrate the advantages of the proposed model, we calculate option prices based on the index.  相似文献   
105.
This paper examines whether the rescue measures adopted during the global financial crisis helped to sustain the supply of bank lending. The analysis proposes a setup that allows testing for structural shifts in the bank lending equation, and employs a novel dataset covering large international banks headquartered in 14 major advanced economies for the period 1995–2010. While stronger capitalisation sustains loan growth in normal times, banks during a crisis can turn additional capital into greater lending only once their capitalisation exceeds a critical threshold. This suggests that recapitalisations may not translate into greater credit supply until bank balance sheets are sufficiently strengthened.  相似文献   
106.
    
This study explores strategic decision‐making (SDM) in micro‐firms, an economically significant business subsector. As extant large‐ and small‐firm literature currently proffers an incomplete characterization of SDM in very small enterprises, a multiple‐case methodology was used to investigate how these firms make strategic decisions. Eleven Australian Information Technology service micro‐firms participated in the study. Using an information‐processing lens, the study uncovered patterns of SDM in micro‐firms and derived a theoretical micro‐firm SDM model. This research also identifies several implications for micro‐firm management and directions for future research, contributing to the understanding of micro‐firm SDM in both theory and practice.  相似文献   
107.
    
The aim of this article is to provide a selective account of some of the most important conceptual contributions of the Latin American structuralist tradition to the area of development economics. We argue that this account may help modern development economics theory overcome visible limitations and develop in a more fruitful way. We trace back the origin of these conceptualizations and identify some recent and scant efforts to incorporate them into the mainstream economic development literature. We try to clarify the meaning of the concepts and amplify their current economic significance for developing countries. The constructs selected are: (1) structural change, (2) structural disequilibrium, (3) bottlenecks, (4) structural heterogeneity, (5) endogenous nucleus of technological dynamization, (6) social disarticulation, and (7) conflict‐led instability.  相似文献   
108.
Responses of stock prices to monetary announcements in Israel are examined. Only the unexpected part of monetary injection announcements are found to have a significant impact on stock prices. Unlike findings for the U.S., this impact is positive.  相似文献   
109.
110.
This paper studies cross-sectional differences in banks interest rates. It adds to the literature in two ways. First, it analyzes systematically the micro and macroeconomic factors that influence the price-setting behaviour of banks. Second, by using banks’ prices (rather than quantities) it provides an alternative way of disentangling loan supply from loan demand shift in the “bank lending channel” literature. The results suggest that heterogeneity in the banking rates pass-through - depending on liquidity, capitalization and relationship lending - exists only in the short run.  相似文献   
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