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971.
This paper investigates the market reaction to recent legislative and regulatory actions pertaining to corporate governance. The managerial power view of governance suggests that executive pay, the existing process of proxy access, and various governance provisions [e.g., staggered boards and Chief Executive Officer (CEO)-chairman duality] are associated with managerial rent extraction. This perspective predicts that broad government actions that reduce executive pay, increase proxy access, and ban such governance provisions are value-enhancing. In contrast, another view of governance suggests that observed governance choices are the result of value-maximizing contracts between shareholders and management. This perspective predicts that broad government actions that regulate such governance choices are value destroying. Consistent with the latter view, we find that the abnormal returns to recent events relating to corporate governance regulations are, on average, decreasing in CEO pay, decreasing in the number of large blockholders, decreasing in the ease by which small institutional investors can access the proxy process, and decreasing in the presence of a staggered board. 相似文献
972.
The relative performance of open economies is analyzed in an endogenous growth model with asymmetric trade. A resource-rich country trades resource-based intermediates for final goods produced by a resource-poor economy. The effects of an increase in the resource endowment depend on the elasticity of substitution between resources and labor in intermediates' production. Under substitution (complementarity), the resource boom generates higher (lower) income, lower (higher) employment in the primary sector and faster (slower) growth in the resource-rich economy. In the resource-poor economy, the shock induces a higher (lower) relative wage and positive (negative) growth effects that are exclusively due to trade. 相似文献
973.
We examine the performance of several types of the consumption-based CAPM (C-CAPM) models to explore if consumption factors matter for determining excess returns across 17 MSCI country indexes. While the classic world C-CAPM does exhibit some power in explaining cross-sectional variations of expected excess returns, the model seems to require an implausibly large coefficient of risk aversion. The more sophisticated models including the heterogeneous C-CAPM, the world surplus consumption and the habit-formation models provide more reasonable estimates and add substantial explanatory power for the variation in the cross section of excess stock returns. Our results suggest that country-specific consumption risk is not fully diversified thus implying that stock returns are related to idiosyncratic consumption risk. 相似文献
974.
When it is costly for individuals to save or to borrow, unemployment insurance (UI) provides an alternative source of liquidity
that smooths consumption over time and leads individuals to spend longer unemployed searching for a suitable job. We show
in a tractable life-cycle model how the optimal unemployment replacement ratio and the fall in consumption on job loss depend
on the cost of self-insurance and the cost of borrowing. This implies that the value of UI depends on age at job loss, consumption
needs (such as the presence of children), discount rates, the return on saving, access to credit and the presence of other
social insurance programmes. Optimal replacement rates vary substantially with plausible variation in these factors (from
less than 20 percent to almost 60 percent). 相似文献
975.
976.
Following Travlos (J Finance 42: 943–963, 1987), Loughran and Vijh (J Finance 52: 1765–1790, 1997), Harford (J Finance 54: 1969–1997, 1999), and Oler (Rev Acc Stud 13: 479–511, 2008), we investigate whether acquisitions involving stock consideration and acquirers with high cash levels are associated with
poor performance or not. In addition, we investigate whether including a long-term performance plan in top management’s compensation
package can mitigate these negative effects. We find that acquirers with a long-term performance plan are less likely to hold
a high cash balance and are less likely to use stock consideration, thus avoiding scenarios that are more likely to be value-destructive.
Even if an acquirer with a long-term performance plan carries a high cash balance or uses stock, we find that the plan is
associated with improved fundamental performance; however, this relationship does not flow through to improved post-acquisition
returns. 相似文献
977.
We investigate how the distribution of the penalties incurred by auditors for failing to detect fraud influences their effort
to detect fraud and auditees’ commission of fraud. We compare a probabilistic, skewed audit penalty to a penalty that automatically
imposes the expected penalty of the probabilistic distribution (hereafter, a deterministic penalty). Our experiments show
that a deterministic penalty with the same expected value of a probabilistic, skewed penalty increases audit effort to detect
fraud and decreases fraudulent reporting by auditees and that these benefits hold in a game involving both auditee and auditor
players. 相似文献
978.
Drawing on longitudinal research in an engineering multinational corporation, this article considers the resilience of workplace partnership under conditions of retrenchment. In line with extant literature, the twin influences of trade union power and competitive strategy are seen to significantly shape the durability of partnership. Beyond these determinants, trust and managerial skill and political sensitivity are deemed important moderators. The findings nonetheless suggest that the favourable alignment of these factors may not represent a sufficient bulwark in those situations where the axis of partnership is local, within the context of otherwise centrally coordinated industrial relations. 相似文献
979.
There is increased interest in greater localization of food supply chains but little evidence about the effects of localization on supply-chain costs. Assessing these effects is complex in multiple-product, multi-process supply chains such as the dairy industry. In this study, we develop a spatially-disaggregated transshipment model for the US dairy sector that minimizes total supply-chain costs, including assembly, processing, interplant transportation and final product distribution. We employ the cost-minimizing solution as benchmark to compare alternative scenarios of increased supply chain localization. Our results indicate: (1) short-run limits to increased localization, (2) modest impacts on overall supply-chain costs, and (3) large cost re-allocations across supply chain segments, regions and products. We find that increased localization reduces assembly costs while increase processing and distribution costs. Cost increases are larger in regions with smaller raw milk supplies and during the season when less raw milk is produced. Minimizing distances traveled by all dairy products results in tradeoffs across products in terms of cost and distance traveled. The relationship between increased localization and costs appears to be nonlinear. 相似文献
980.
Due to the complex mapping relationship between product attributes and engineering characteristics, as well as the correlations between engineering characteristics and the engineering constraints on a product, a new product following a probabilistic rule of multidimensional scaling may not be in an optimal position in product engineering space. In this paper, a new methodology for optimal product positioning by considering engineering constraints is proposed. In the proposed methodology, perceptual mapping and house of quality are introduced to link the consumer perceptual space, and product engineering space. The degree of overall customer satisfaction is considered in the rule of consumer choice probability. Based on this, an optimal product positioning model can be established. Genetic algorithms are introduced to solve the problem of the optimization model due to its non-linear characteristics. By applying genetic algorithms, the optimal value settings of a new product's engineering characteristics can be obtained. An example of optimal positioning and determination of value settings of engineering characteristics of packing machines is used to illustrate the proposed methodology. 相似文献