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991.
Why Have Corporate Tax Revenues Declined? Another Look 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The relative constancy of non-financial corporate tax revenuesas a share of US GDP masks offsetting trends in the ratio ofcorporate profits to GDP (declining) and the average tax rate(increasing). The average tax rate rose steadily between 1996and 2003, an increase largely attributable to the importanceof tax losses. This rise casts some doubt on the role of taxplanning activities in reducing corporate taxes. So, too, doesthe relative stability of the rate of profit (relative to netassets), which might be expected to have declined had the understatementof profits for tax purposes been increasing. (JEL code: H25,G32) 相似文献
992.
The macroeconomics of the labor market: three fundamental views 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
We distinguish and assess three fundamental views of the labor market regarding the movements in unemployment: (1) the frictionless
equilibrium view; (2) the chain reaction theory, or prolonged adjustment view; and (3) the hysteresis view. While the frictionless
view implies a clear compartmentalization between the short- and long-run, the hysteresis view implies that all the short-run
fluctuations automatically turn into long-run changes in the unemployment rate. We assert the problems faced by these conceptions
in explaining the diversity of labor market experiences across the OECD labor markets. We argue that the prolonged adjustment
view can overcome these problems since it implies that the short, medium, and long-runs are interrelated, merging with one
another along an intertemporal continuum.
相似文献
Dennis J. SnowerEmail: URL: http://www.uni-kiel.de/snower/ |
993.
Stephen J. Carson Robert D. Jewell Christopher Joiner 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》2007,35(2):172-183
Prior empirical research suggests that consumers perceive pioneers as more prototypical (i.e., representative) of their product
categories than me-too followers. This prototypicality advantage is believed to contribute to an enduring marketplace advantage
for the pioneer. We extend research into pioneering prototypicality advantages by considering the ramifications of simultaneous
product design (i.e., product attribute) evolutions. We hypothesize that the simultaneous evolution of product designs of
both the pioneer and me-too will diminish the pioneer’s prototypicality advantage over the me-too, even though the me-too
does not initiate the change. To test our hypotheses, we create an experimental environment consisting of four cells, each
corresponding to a different marketplace scenario: a no-change condition; a simultaneous-evolution condition; a pioneer-updates-first
condition; and a leapfrogging (i.e., me-too updates first) condition. The results suggest that simultaneous design evolutions
can diminish the pioneer’s prototypicality advantage. As a result, me-too entry may be a more attractive strategy in the long-run
than currently believed in product categories characterized by substantial design evolution.
相似文献
Christopher JoinerEmail: |
994.
The Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002 requires audit committees of public companies’ boards of directors to install an anonymous
reporting channel to assist in deterring and detecting accounting fraud and control weaknesses. While it is generally accepted
that the availability of such a reporting channel may reduce the reporting cost of the observer of a questionable act, there
is concern that the addition of such a channel may decrease the overall effectiveness compared to a system employing only
non-anonymous reporting options. The rationale underlying this concern involves the would-be reporter’s likelihood of reporting,
the seriousness with which the organization treats an anonymous report, and the organization’s ability to thoroughly follow-up
the report. Thus, we explore the extent to which the availability of an anonymous reporting channel influences intended use
of non-anonymous reporting channels. Further, in response to Sarbanes–Oxley and the environment of financial scandals that
led to its passage, many firms are strengthening their internal audit departments, and providing them with greater independence
from upper management’s direct control. Accordingly, our examination tests whether the intended use of the internal audit
department as an internal reporting channel is greater when the internal audit department is of “high” versus “low” quality.
Finally, the study investigates intended reporting behavior across three different cases (e.g., settings).
Results show that the existence of an anonymous channel does reduce the likelihood of reporting to non-anonymous channels,
that generally the internal audit department quality does not affect reporting to non-anonymous channels, and that case-setting
affects the type of channel to be used. Implications from the study are discussed. 相似文献
995.
Andrew J. Seltzer 《Cliometrica》2007,1(3):239-261
This paper uses personnel records of employees from an Australian bank to analyse the labour market consequences of career
interruptions due to voluntary military service during the Second World War. The records contain the employees’ career position
and pay histories, and pre-war outcomes are used to control for selection bias caused by non-random enlistment. It is shown
that, despite losing human capital during the War, upon their return veterans did not face a wage penalty relative to non-volunteers.
Finally, evidence from non-wage outcomes suggests that the absence of a wage penalty was a form of positive discrimination
by the Bank.
相似文献
Andrew J. SeltzerEmail: |
996.
Patients decide on where to consume hospital services in Germany. Thus, the understanding of the exact hospital selection criteria and their weights is important. This research reviews the antecedents of hospital selection utilizing the conjoint methodology with regard to six questions. (1) Which are the relevant choice criteria, and (2) what are their weights? (3) Which criteria receive an increased importance in the absence of experience? (4) Do differences between compulsory and privately insured patients, (5) between hospitals with regard to their size, and (6) between female and male patients exist? The relevance and importance of nine pre-selected criteria are determined through two conjoint analyses. Experience is found to be most important followed by referral by general practitioner, certified quality management system, positive press coverage, recommendation by relatives and acquaintances and distance to the hospital. Reception area design and the personnel's friendliness, the website quality and the published quality report are less relevant. Without experience, reception area design, personnel's friendliness and distance to the hospital receive an increased importance. In addition, for some criteria notable discrepancies between female and male patients and between patients with different insurance policies are found. 相似文献
997.
Jason Scott Smith's ambitious, some might say overly-ambitious,goal is to "construct a new narrative" of the New Deal's significanceby using the lens of political economy to examine and explainhow the policies initiated during that historical phase "revolutionizedthe priorities of the American state, radically transformingthe physical landscape, political system, and economy of theUnited States" (p. 1). Smith most certainly does not see NewDeal policies as failures that were incapable of getting theU.S. 相似文献
998.
Chewing gum was foremost an American invention, Michael Redclifttells us in Chewing Gum: The Fortunes of Taste, a brief yetserious and engaging book that details how chewing gum cameto occupy a distinct place in the rise of American consumerism.Perhaps nothing signified the triviality of consumerism as chewinggum. It possessed what Redclift calls an "ephemeral quality,"it was an easily replicable mass product, and provided instantgratification. This ephemerality was complicated by 相似文献
999.
Richard Abel argues that in the period from 1910, when the motionpicture "revolution" succeeded and the American film marketwas emancipated from French domination, to 1914, when foreignfilms were nearly eliminated from the U.S. market, the Americanfilm industry was characterized by widespread experimentationand innovation, especially in the areas of promotion practices,distribution strategies, content refinement, and audience development.Six chapters of Abel's Americanizing the Movies bring to theforeground the battle of 相似文献
1000.
Michael J. Hicks 《Atlantic Economic Journal》2007,35(1):77-95
This research estimates fiscal impacts of Wal-Mart in Ohio from 1985 through 2003. Using a panel of counties, and accounting
for spatial autocorrelation in an instrumental variable model I estimate impact of Wal-Mart and Super-Centers on selected
revenues and transfer payments. Among the findings is that the presence of a Wal-Mart increases local commercial property
tax assessments resulting in collection increases of between $350,000 and $1.3 million. There is also an 18–43% reduction
in per capita EITC claims in a county. However, Medicaid expenditures experience growth which amount to roughly 16 additional
cases attributable to a single Wal-Mart. The magnitude and statistical certainty of these findings, suggests that local fiscal
intervention, either through incentives or a “Wal-Mart Tax” is unwarranted.
相似文献
Michael J. HicksEmail: |