日本调节收入分配差距的财政措施及启示

日本为了调节收入分配差距，政府通过建立比较完善的个人所得税、社会保障税、遗产税等税收制度来调节高收入，通过建立社会保障制度、实施义务教育等措施来调节低收入，取得一定效果。日本调节收入分配差距的财政措施对我国具有重要的启示意义。     

效率、市场势力与我国银行并购问题研究——兼论中小银行发展的路径选择

目前我国存在着四大国有银行行政垄断与中小银行过度竞争并存的银行业二重性市场结构特征。我国中小银行的并购，其无论在价格形成、行业竞争，还是在效率改进等方面，均不会导致单个企业的效率改进和有损整个行业竞争的两难冲突。也就是说，我国中小银行并购具有帕累托改进效应，效率改进型并购是我国银行业并购重组的战略选择和中小银行发展的低成本路径，促进有效率并购的关键在于以银行利润最大化为目标推行市场化并购、重视并购后的整合过程、整合中要实现治理结构的改进以及在审慎监管的原则下放松银行业市场准入。     

Sample attrition and labor force dynamics: Evidence from the Spanish labor force survey

In this paper we examine a number of issues that arise in investigating labor force dynamics using the Spanish Labor Force Survey (EPA). These issues are by no means specific to the Spanish case and apply to most European-style labor force surveys. Our main conclusions may be summarized as follows. First, survey nonresponse cannot be neglected. Second, the EPA tends to underestimate employment and participation of high-educated young people, and to overestimate those of the low-educated elderly. Finally, we find little evidence that attrition causes important selection biases in estimating quarterly transition probabilities.     

Problems and environment of small businesses in the Czech Republic

The impressive and spontaneous build-up of the private small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Czech Republic in 1990–93 coincided with the similarly dramatic changes in the public administration and in the whole environment for decision-making. The resulting problems of SMEs in the Czech Republic seem to be common to all economies in transition. A lot of the problems are caused by the macroeconomic policy for which this sector is not the most important part of the national economy. The paper shows some conflicts between macroeconomic anti-inflationary (monetary and fiscal) policies, and interests of small businesses. The authors stress the importance of SMEs during the period of transition. Informal aspects of the functioning of small firms are discussed, especially their relation with banks and public administration. The paper offers some empirical evidence and available statistics on SMEs developments during 1990–94 focusing particularly on manufacturing.     

浮动利率债券基准利率设计研究

我国的浮动利率债券,利率基准较少变动,不具备避险功能.R07D利率能够及时反映货币市场的利率波动,与短期债券的收益率相关性很高,能够规避利率波动的风险.建议发行以R07D利率作为基准利率的浮动利率债券,以付息周期前一期的R07D平均利率为基准,每三个月支付一次利息.以结算数据作为R07D的数据源,更具有真实性和科学性.     

会计双重披露差异与中国会计标准的国际协调研究述评

本文回顾了1997～2002年间与境内外报告会计差异及中国会计标准国际协调有关的经验研究文献,并对此类研究的基本发现与研究局限进行了初步总结和评价。     

对推进社会信用建设的若干思考

当前我国社会信用秩序混乱的现状是严重的，主要表现在：企业之间拖欠有增无减；企业逃废金融债务情况日益严重；证券市场信用匮乏等。妨害健全的社会信用秩序建设的主要因素有：金融机构信用管理制度不健全、长期实行的计划经济、市场发育不全、社会信用法制不完善。     

Credit Risk in Two Institutional Regimes: Spanish Commercial and Savings Banks

Although credit risk is an important factor that financial institutions must cope with, the determinants of bank problem loans have been little studied. Using panel data, we compare the determinants of problem loans of Spanish commercial and savings banks in the period 1985–1997, taking into account both macroeconomic and individual bank level variables. The GDP growth rate, firms, and family indebtedness, rapid past credit or branch expansion, inefficiency, portfolio composition, size, net interest margin, capital ratio, and market power are variables that explain credit risk. However, there are significant differences between commercial and savings banks, which confirm the relevance of the institutional form in the management of credit risk. Our findings raise important bank supervisory policy issues: the use of bank level variables as early warning indicators, the advantages of bank mergers from different regions, and the role of banking competition and ownership in determining credit risk.     

对企业收益期满后净资产折现值的探讨

用收益法评估企业的整体资产,越来越多地被运用于高科技企业及高成长、高收益性的企业.采用收益法评估企业整体资产,是以评估基准日为起点,分析企业的营业收入(或销售收入)、成本费用,并考虑固定资产折旧、无形递延资产摊销、资本性支出等因素,计算出企业在特定收益期限内(无限年或有限年)总现金流入量及总现金流出量,从而计算企业的净现金流量并折现加总,即得出企业的整体资产(净资产)价值.出于对未来收益不确定性、高科技企业的高经营风险或合资(合作)年限等因素的考虑,我们在采用收益法评估企业整体资产时,有时会采用收益期为有限年的现金流模型来计算企业的整体资产.     

关于电网建设与环境保护的探讨

分析供电企业在电力建设、改造中,对占用耕地、森林等影响环境保护的模糊认识和“三多、三少”问题及应采取的措施。