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The quality of corporate disclosures has drawn increasing levels of criticism from Congress and the SEC. A subject of particularly
intense scrutiny and action is the Management’s Discussion and Analysis (MD&A). This narrative, intended to provide an inside
perspective on the reported results of the firm, is particularly important when attempting to evaluate the investment prospects
of the marginal or poorly performing firm. However, managers may restrict the information content of the disclosure, raising
potential concerns about ethical behavior. In this study, we employ a proprietary instrument to measure the quality of MD&A
disclosures for a sample of firms entering financial distress. We evaluate the disclosure behavior of these firms in an effort
to determine whether changes in the disclosure appear to be motivated primarily by economic or ethical concerns. We find,
on average, that firms increase disclosure quality in the year of initial distress. However, sustained increases in disclosure
quality are limited to firms that subsequently recover from the distress. The results suggest that observed changes in disclosure
are driven primarily by economic considerations, rather than ethical ones, especially in good economic times. 相似文献
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O. C. Ferrell George H. Lucas Alan J. Bush 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》1989,17(4):325-331
Economists and marketers have developed theoretical constructs which suggest that effective market segmentation can be used
to identify differences in price sensitivity among market theory in the industrial marketing literature by using marketing
research to distinguish market segments that are useful in industrial pricing decisions. Both macrosegmentation, using characteristics
of customers (that is, end-use and usage level), as well as microsegmentation (using behavioral variables) were utilized in
a survey of natural gas customers to determine if segments of the industrial market differ in price sensitivity. 相似文献
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Michel T. Q. M. Assis Markus Tümpel Maria Raquel Lucas Maria José M. Rainho 《EuroChoices》2023,22(1):37-43
During qualitative research on trust, conducted in a mariculture chain in southern Brazil, the theme of informality emerged spontaneously in most interviews. Although it is difficult to measure, some data and estimates point out that informality is still quite present worldwide, but especially in emerging and developing countries, and this situation was confirmed in the studied supply chain. In analysing the narratives, we noticed that this is a chronic issue which bothers the producers that are properly formalised mainly because of unfair competition, and hinders the organisation of the chain. Some factors foster the persistence of informality, such as family labour and temporary jobs, the low educational level of entrepreneurs, lack of adequate supervision and cultural aspects of producers and their families. We could corroborate the perspectives of modernisation (informality is still persistent), neo-liberal (informal entrepreneurs reject the bureaucracy of an over-regulated market) and post-structuralist (informality is a way of life related to identity, social position and/or resistance against the formal structure) theories. Our research has shown us that the situation found is contributing to a reduction in the number of formal producers and impairing the development of that local supply chain, as well as its sustainability. 相似文献
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Swaroop V. Kher Janneke De Jonge Meike T.A. Wentholt Rosirez Deliza Juliana Cunha de Andrade Hilde J. Cnossen Niels B. Lucas Luijckx Lynn Jayne Frewer 《International Journal of Consumer Studies》2013,37(1):73-83
The development and implementation of effective systems to identify vulnerabilities in food chains to chemical and microbiological contaminants must take account of consumer priorities and preferences. The present investigation attempted to understand consumer perceptions associated with chemical and microbiological contaminants in four specific food chains (drinking water, farmed salmon, chicken and milk powder). To this end, ten focus group discussions were held in five different countries (Poland, Ireland, the Netherlands, France and Brazil). Consumers expressed higher concerns about chemical, as compared with microbial, contaminants. Chemical contaminants were more strongly associated with the potential for severe consequences, long-term effects and lack of personal control. Traceability was considered by consumers as a useful tool that offers the potential to improve consumer confidence in food safety. 相似文献
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