邮政储蓄银行成立后面临的问题探讨

为了使即将成立的邮政储蓄银行能够健康运转,文章分析了邮政储蓄银行成立后面临的五大问题,并探讨了解决这些问题的策略。     

中小企业融资结构选择的内生性约束模型研究

中小企业的融资结构安排既受到外部环境的影响,更主要的是取决于企业内生性多种变量及其相互关系的作用,尤其是企业家已经成为融资方式选择所关注的对象。本文通过构建一个引入企业家初始财富、经营能力和风险厌恶程度与融资结构选择的模型,揭示这种联系的内在机理,探索企业家控制权在融资结构安排中的作用,为提高融资效率提供一些有益的建议。     

国际信贷二级市场发展对构建我国信贷二级市场的启示

信贷二级市场是银行分散贷款风险、调整贷款结构、缓解流动性风险的有效渠道,研究和借鉴国际信贷二级市场发展的特点对于构建和发展我国信贷二级市场有一定的启示。当前阶段,我国应该通过鼓励贷款资源较丰富、经营效率较高的银行向存款资金相对丰富的银行、邮政储蓄等非银行金融机构转让优质贷款资产,探索二级市场贷款定价机制,引入国际评级机构参与贷款评级,统一交易规则,逐步丰富交易产品,扩大交易规模,逐步建设全国统一的信贷二级市场。     

当前燃煤火电的效益审视

市场煤和计划电对火电企业效益的影响2006年,我国电煤需求量约13亿吨,约占总煤炭消费的55%。由于电价上调远低于发电用煤的价格上涨,连年走高的煤炭价格,使发电企业的财务状况受到严重威胁。如2004年,国有重点煤矿发电用煤价格上升15.3%,而电价只上升4.5%,尽管火电厂的发电利用小时当年已增加到5988小时,全国大多数火电厂仍处于微利和亏损状态;2005年,更出现了大面积亏损。2006年,火电企业的外部经营环境,预测还会进一步恶化,除排污费、水费等刚性费用增加外,最关键的是将受以下两个因素的影响:电力出现了相对富余,将直接影响到电厂的售电收…     

石油企业HSE/OSH体系管理"十六法"

系统阐述了采油二处建立与运行HSE和OSH管理体系起步阶段、初步运行、全面运行和运行提高四个阶段性工作的组织和实施．稳步并卓有成效的推进了HSE和OSH管理体系的全面建立和有效运行，形成了HSE和OSH管理体系建立、运行和提高的“16种科学实用的管理方法”。     

潜油电泵泵轴寿命可靠性分析

统计了大庆油田近五年应用的4123套潜油电泵机组，针对248件失效泵轴的寿命进行分布检验分析，验证了其符合威布尔分布规律,并进行了可靠性评定。应用编制的工程软件可计算不同样本下泵轴寿命的概率分布规律，确定其可靠性指标，实现对泵轴使用可靠性的定性分析和定量评定，为进一步开展潜油电泵机组可靠性研究提供必要的基础数据和数据处理手段。     

Do specialized board committees impact the transparency of corporate political disclosure? Evidence from S&P 500 companies

This study examines how the specific attributes of one type of voluntary corporate governance mechanism, a specialized political contribution committee, improves the transparency of corporate political disclosure (CPD). The results demonstrate that the existence of a committee that establishes and reviews key political activities and disclosure policies, particularly one composed entirely of outside directors, significantly enhances the transparency of corporate political disclosure, and reveal that an under-studied board committee, the political contribution committee, effectively improves CPD transparency. The results are consistent with agency theory and further support the more generalizable idea that specialized governance mechanisms (e.g., a political contribution committee) and fully independent committees lead to more transparent disclosure. Finally, the results suggest that the existence of a political contribution committee and committee independence are channels to improve CPD transparency. Public-policy makers and regulators seeking to enhance CPD transparency might consider implementing regulations that mandate or recommend these governance mechanisms as best practice.     

Sociology,risk and the environment: a material-semiotic approach

Abstract

Sociology has made significant contributions to the conceptualisation of risk and critique of technical risk analysis. It has, however, unintentionally reinforced the division of labour between the natural/technical and social sciences in risk analysis. This paper argues that the problem with conceptualisations of risk is not a misplaced emphasis on calculation. Rather, it is that we have not adequately dealt with ontological distinctions implicit in both sociological and technical work on risk between material or objective risks and our socially mediated understandings and interpretations of those risks. While acknowledging that risks are simultaneously social and technical, sociologists have not, in practice, provided the conceptual and methodological tools to apprehend risk in a less dualistic manner. This limits our ability both to analyse actors and processes outside the social domain and to explore the recursive relationships between risk calculus, social action and the material outcomes of risk. In response, this paper develops a material-semiotic conceptualisation of risk and provides an assessment of its relevance to more sociologically informed risk governance. It introduces the ideas of co-constitution, emergent entities and enactment as instruments for reconciling the material and social worlds in a sociological study of risk. It further illustrates the application of a material-semiotic approach using these concepts in the nuclear industry. In deconstructing social–material dualisms in the sociology of risk, this paper argues that a material-semiotic conceptualisation of risk enables both technical and social perspectives on risk not only to coexist but to collaborate, widening the scope for interdisciplinary research.     

Annual report readability and corporate agency costs

Annual reports are the main sources of information for outside investors’ investment decisions and enable shareholders to supervise the management. Difficulties with the readability of these reports may therefore have serious consequences. Using 19,221 firm-year observations of Chinese A-share listed firms from 2001 to 2015, we investigate the association between annual report readability and corporate agency costs, where readability is proxied by report file length and/or file size. We find that firms with better annual report readability experience lower agency costs, and the negative association between readability and agency costs is more pronounced in firms with higher external audit quality, internal control quality or analyst coverage. These results hold after several robustness checks. The positive effect of annual report readability is stronger in private firms than in state-owned enterprises, and becomes stronger after the implementation of new accounting standards in 2007. Readable annual reports can help in monitoring corporate insiders’ opportunistic behavior and thus reduce agency costs.     

"竞争"抑或"继承":农地产权如何影响农民生育性别偏好

"重男轻女"被视为乡土中国的重要传统之一.已有研究多聚焦于男女不平等的社会问题,但较少关注男女性别偏好所反映出的农民土地情结以及中国农村土地制度改革可能带来的乡土社会生育观念的变化.本研究表明,农民生育"重男"的性别偏好不仅是农村家庭传承中"继承"观的反映,也是农地产权不稳定或不安全时壮大地权博弈力量的需要.基于2016年中国劳动力动态调查数据的检验结果显示,农地调整和农地确权均会强化农民"重男轻女"的生育性别偏好.其中,农地调整会诱导农民对生育男孩数量上的偏好,生男孩成为"弱者的武器";农地确权并未激励农民在生育男孩数量上的"占优",而仅限于"有".前者表达产权争夺的"竞争性",后者表达产权排他的"继承性".文章强调,"重男轻女"观念隐含着不同的产权含义.