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Interest rate swap pricing theory traditionally views swaps as a portfolio of forward contracts with net swap payments discounted at LIBOR rates. In practice, the use of marking‐to‐market and collateralization questions this view as they introduce intermediate cash flows and alter credit characteristics. We provide a swap valuation theory under marking‐to‐market and costly collateral and examine the theory's empirical implications. We find evidence consistent with costly collateral using two different approaches; the first uses single‐factor models and Eurodollar futures prices, and the second uses a formal term structure model and Treasury/swap data. 相似文献
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We develop a new model of multimarket trading to explain the differences in the foreign share of trading volume of internationally cross‐listed stocks. The model predicts that the trading volume of a cross‐listed stock is proportionally higher on the exchange in which the cross‐listed asset returns have greater correlation with returns of other assets traded on that market. We find robust empirical support for this prediction using stock return and volume data on 251 non‐U.S. stocks cross‐listed on major U.S. exchanges. 相似文献
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Communication by Central Bank Committee Members: Different Strategies, Same Effectiveness? 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The paper assesses the communication strategies of the Federal Reserve, the Bank of England, and the European Central Bank and their effectiveness. We find that the effectiveness of communication is not independent from the decision-making process. The paper shows that the Federal Reserve has been pursuing a highly individualistic communication strategy amid a collegial approach to decision making, while the Bank of England is using a collegial communication strategy and highly individualistic decision making. The European Central Bank (ECB) has chosen a collegial approach both in its communication and in its decision making. Assessing these strategies, we find that predictability of policy decisions and the responsiveness of financial markets to communication are equally good for the Federal Reserve and the ECB. This suggests that there may not be a single best approach to designing a central bank communication strategy. 相似文献
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Should Tariff Reductions be Announced? An Intertemporal Computable General Equilibrium Analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
MICHAEL MALAKELLIS 《The Economic record》1998,74(225):121-138
In this paper the macro and structural implications of three alternative tariff-reduction strategies are examined. Under the first strategy, which is similar to that adopted in Australia in 1973, the tariff cut is implemented without warning. The second strategy is consistent with the current approach of phasing in tariff cuts according to a previously announced schedule. Under the third strategy the tariff cut is implemented several years after it is announced. Our results suggest that if tariffs are to be reduced then it is preferable to implement the policy without warning. 相似文献
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Utility-based models of asset pricing may be estimated with or without assuming a distribution for security returns; both approaches are developed and compared here. The chief strength of a parametric estimator lies in its computational simplicity and statistical efficiency when the added distributional assumption is true. In contrast, the nonparametric estimator is robust to departures from any particular distribution, and it is more consistent with the spirit underlying utility-based asset pricing models since the distribution of asset returns remains unspecified even in the empirical work. The nonparametric approach turns out to be easy to implement with precision nearly indistinguishable from its parametric counterpart in this particular application. The application shows that log utility is consistent with the data over the period 1926–1981. 相似文献
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MICHAEL MESSENGER 《Contemporary economic policy》1990,8(3):185-199
This paper reviews the factors leading to the decline of utility participation in the energy conservation market over the past decade in California. The analysis finds that California's regulatory focus on mandating conservation program funding levels, rather than on measuring and rewarding the achievement of energy savings from utility conservation programs, has contributed to a decline in both program scope and program effectiveness. Other major reasons for this decline include potential revenue losses resulting from conservation programs on the generation side, a preoccupation with identifying winners and losers using benefit-cost tests, and a regulatory focus on "system" impacts from conservation programs that precluded a more direct marketing focus on utility customers' values and needs. The paper concludes that both regulators and utilities should work to develop new indicators of success in the conservation market. These should focus on achieving energy conservation results and rewarding the results with increased profits as opposed to rewarding just effort with expense recovery. 相似文献
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