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21.
A Nonnormative Theory of Inflation and Central Bank Independence. — The authors study monetary policy under different central bank constitutions when the labor-market insiders set the minimal wage so that the outsiders are involuntarily unemployed. If the insiders are in the majority, the representative insider will be the median voter. The authors show that an independent central bank, if controlled by the median voter, does not produce a systematic inflation bias, albeit equilibrium employment is too low from a social welfare point of view. A dependent central bank, in contrast, is forced by the government to collect seigniorage and to take the government’s re-election prospects into account. The predictions of their theory are consistent with the evidence that central bank independence decreases average inflation and inflation variability, but does not affect employment variability. 相似文献
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Manfred Neumann 《Pacific Economic Review》2001,6(2):301-312
The paper examines the potential of the euro as an international currency. Owing to a large home base the long‐run potential is substantial. Much depends on whether the European Central Bank will be able to gain the reputation of a tough authority that issues a stable currency. Based on a comparison with the concepts of monetary targeting and inflation targeting, it is argued that the ECB's policy strategy is inferior as regards providing guidance to inflation expectations. The paper also discusses exchange rate policy and concludes that it is unlikely that Europe will join a new international exchange rate system. 相似文献
24.
Manfred Gärtner 《Journal of economic surveys》2000,14(5):527-561
The paper surveys political macroeconomics, covering its development from Rogoff's conservative central banker to the most recent discussions of monetary policy and institutional design. Topics include the inflation-stabilization trade-off, central bank independence with escape clauses and overruling with costs, inflation targets, performance contracts for monetary authorities, and the consequences of output persistence for these issues. Further topics are the political business cycle when output is persistent, the political macroeconomics of fiscal policy, the government spending bias, and the game-theoretic interaction between fiscal and monetary policy. All work is discussed within a coherent analytical framework. 相似文献
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Manfred J. M. Neumann 《Review of World Economics》1990,126(4):761-764
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
27.
Manfred Meier-Preschany 《Intereconomics》1980,15(6):290-292
Over the past decade the non-oil developing countries’ external debt has shown a more than threefold increase, a trend that may be expected to continue in the foreseeable future. In response to the recipient countries’ changing needs, private lending, their principal source of credit, will have to take different forms involving the creation of new multilateral facilities designed to place a bigger pool of long-term funds at the developing countries’ disposal. 相似文献
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Dr Manfred Busche 《Tourism Management》1986,7(4)
Berlin is among the leading venues for trade fairs in FR Germany. Dr Manfred Busche, Managing Director of AMK Berlin Company for Exhibitions, Fairs and Congresses, describe the organization of the International Tourism Exchange ITB Berlin which provides a central forum for international tourism marketing and communication. ITB 87 begins on 7 March and will include exhibitors from more than 100 countries and an extensive programme of meetings and congresses. 相似文献
30.
On-Line Portfolio Selection Using Multiplicative Updates 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
David P. Helmbold Robert E. Schapire Yoram Singer & Manfred K. Warmuth 《Mathematical Finance》1998,8(4):325-347
We present an on-line investment algorithm that achieves almost the same wealth as the best constant-rebalanced portfolio determined in hindsight from the actual market outcomes. The algorithm employs a multiplicative update rule derived using a framework introduced by Kivinen and Warmuth. Our algorithm is very simple to implement and requires only constant storage and computing time per stock in each trading period. We tested the performance of our algorithm on real stock data from the New York Stock Exchange accumulated during a 22-year period. On these data, our algorithm clearly outperforms the best single stock as well as Cover's universal portfolio selection algorithm. We also present results for the situation in which the investor has access to additional "side information." 相似文献