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61.
    
The paper considers the implications for sustainability of the US current account of widespread uptake of New Economy services around the world. The main contribution is to estimate new income elasticities for international trade in New Economy services and incorporate these in a simple model of the current accounts. Widespread uptake of New Economy services around the world improves the potential for a sustainable US external balance through two channels. First, uptake of New Economy services raises global growth. Second, it narrows the asymmetry in income elasticity of US trade. But, reasonable estimates of these two structural improvements are not sufficient to stabilize the US current account deficit.  相似文献   
62.
    
We analyze a new form of call provision known as a “make-whole” call, which utilizes a floating call price based on the level of current interest rates. As rates drop (rise), the call price increases (decreases.) Usually, a floor at par sets a minimum call price. This provision effectively eliminates the reinvestment rate risk associated with bonds with fixed-price call provisions. Survey results indicate a majority of Chief Financial Officers (CFOs) believe make-whole call provisions are “costless.” Analysis of 318 recent, make-whole call bonds indicates that this provision is indeed priced. On average, the at-issue yield-to-maturity of a make-whole call bond is 11.2 basis points higher than the yield of a comparable straight bond.  相似文献   
63.
We demonstrate the application of an algorithmic trading strategy based upon the recently developed dynamic mode decomposition on portfolios of financial data. The method is capable of characterizing complex dynamical systems, in this case financial market dynamics, in an equation-free manner by decomposing the state of the system into low-rank terms whose temporal coefficients in time are known. By extracting key temporal coherent structures (portfolios) in its sampling window, it provides a regression to a best fit linear dynamical system, allowing for a predictive assessment of the market dynamics and informing an investment strategy. The data-driven analytics capitalizes on stock market patterns, either real or perceived, to inform buy/sell/hold investment decisions. Critical to the method is an associated learning algorithm that optimizes the sampling and prediction windows of the algorithm by discovering trading hot-spots. The underlying mathematical structure of the algorithms is rooted in methods from nonlinear dynamical systems and shows that the decomposition is an effective mathematical tool for data-driven discovery of market patterns.  相似文献   
64.
A multidisciplinary study of waste paper recovery from a complex of state government office buildings was undertaken for the purpose of developing, evaluating and recommending cost-reducing modifications in the present operations. Previous research on resource recovery has focused on either the total mixed municipal stream or specific residual materials within that stream. Little work has investigated the recycling potential of wastes from a particular institution such as state government which generates a considerable volume of waste paper. A major thrust of this research was a survey of the office workers and custodians who must participate in a waste paper recycling program. The economic viability of waste paper recovery programs is highly contingent on voluntary willingness of office workers to sort reclaimable residuals at the point of discard. This study demonstrated that office workers were receptive to recycling program, but that mere receptivity could not guarantee a successful program unless the participants were adequately advised on how to make distinctions between salvageable and nonsalvageable materials. Reluctance to support any administrative role change was found among custodial workers. This study also illustrated the financial advantages of manual separation at the source, as well as the impact of central storage and other modifications on the economics of the present system.  相似文献   
65.
    
We argue that public service economics provides a new perspective on landscape stewardship by explaining it as human‐to‐human transfer of partial property rights. These mutually linked exchanges involve rights to use, to access, or to control and allocate land, labour, skills or information. From the perspective of public service economics, we identify the actors involved in landscape stewardship and distinguish entrepreneurial strategies for service provision based on resource orientation, user orientation or competiveness orientation. The difficulties in evaluating the quality of services in general and landscape stewardship in particular result in substantial uncertainty. Three types of contracts that cope differently with this uncertainty can be distinguished: contracts focusing on the technical process, on the intended outcome or on the choice of suppliers based on trust and features of their performance potential. We conclude that a service economics perspective can add to the understanding of landscape stewardship. Due to the fact that ‘public service’ is already a well‐known and broadly acknowledged concept in society, public service economics could possibly provide more rapid progress towards a better co‐ordination of supply and demand for landscape qualities than other more novel concepts.  相似文献   
66.
    
We present a model of structural change in the farming sector in which natural and economic crises decrease farmers’ work satisfaction, farm profitability, and the decision to stay in farming. Using data from the Australian Regional Well-being survey, activity choice modeling, and a structural equation approach, we test the hypothesis that these crises-induced effects then cause structural change in Australian agriculture. We find that external shocks, such as drought or economic downturn, negatively affect farmers’ welfare, which in turn causes structural change through revised activity choices. Our empirical findings also indicate that specific adjustment strategies such as buying additional water titles or reducing input use are insufficient to mitigate adverse crises effects.  相似文献   
67.
This article analyzes the relationship between trade facilitationand trade flows in the Asia-Pacific region. Country-specificdata for port efficiency, customs environment, regulatory environment,and e-business usage are used to construct indicators for measuringtrade facilitation. The relationship between these indicatorsand trade flows is estimated using a gravity model that includestariffs and other standard variables. Enhanced port efficiencyhas a large and positive effect on trade flows. Regulatory barriersdeter trade. Improvements in customs and greater e-businessuse significantly expand trade but to a lesser degree than improvementsin ports or regulations. The benefits of specific trade facilitationefforts are estimated by quantifying differential improvementsin these four areas among members of the Asia Pacific EconomicCooperation (APEC). A scenario in which APEC members with below-averageindicators improve capacity halfway to the average for all membersshows that intra-APEC trade could increase by $254 billion,or 21 percent of intra-APEC trade flows. About half the increaseis derived from improved port efficiency.  相似文献   
68.
    
We extend Lee and Lim (Rev Quant Financ Account 27:111–123, 2006) who provide empirical evidence on the impact of mergers and acquisitions (M&As) and joint ventures on the value of information technology (IT) and non-IT firms. Using technology-motivated transactions, we examine whether there are differences in market response to the announcement of M&As and joint ventures, and we consider the long-term performance of such firms. We find the market provides no (positive) reaction to joint ventures (M&As) at the announcement. We also present new evidence suggesting the market reacts more favorably to the announcement of technology M&As relative to joint ventures for our full sample, IT sample and non-IT sample. However, our examination of these firms’ long-term performance suggests the initial reaction is not fully supported. The findings suggest improved (declining) operating performance for joint venture (M&A) firms, and evidence to conclude joint venture firms achieve superior long-term performance changes for both accrual- and cash-based measures. To explain these inconsistencies, we employ a set of control variables previously documented as determinants of the innovation ownership decision. For joint venture firms, we find that, while the market fails to consider the importance of the firms’ R&D intensity and growth prospects in its initial reaction, these are ultimately key indicators of their future performance. The evidence also suggests the market overreacts to M&A announcements because it over-weights the impact of R&D intensity on the firms’ future performance in its initial response.  相似文献   
69.
Option-based portfolio insurance can result in coordinated buying and selling, which destabilizes markets such that hedgers fail to achieve their objective. Gennotte and Leland (1990) show portfolio insurance strategies can have an impact on price movements. Ramanlal and Mann (1996) show how price movements, in turn, can alter hedging strategies. In this paper, we combine these separate effects and develop an equilibrium, executable hedging strategy. This hedging strategy requires less rebalancing than traditional portfolio insurance; more important, it achieves downside protection with a less destabilizing impact on security prices.  相似文献   
70.
    
This paper examines the relationship between farm growth and participation in agri‐environmental schemes, using the example of meadow extensification schemes in Switzerland. As a result of small farm sizes in Swiss agriculture, theory would suggest that economies of scale are considerable for market production activities, so that for growing farms it would be rational to intensify. Configural frequency analysis is used to identify and describe combinations of farm size development and proportion of meadows placed under agri‐environmental schemes. In the Swiss case, growing farms are likely to reduce their participation, whereas shrinking farms have a growing share of their meadows under extensification schemes.  相似文献   
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