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81.
Portfolio insurance strategies can destabilize markets to such an extent that they may be counterproductive. Destabilization results when hedgers take share prices as given and follow exogenously specified price-based trading rules. We recognize that such trading rules may not be utility maximizing and that hedging affects share prices. Accordingly, we develop a portfolio insurance strategy where hedgers consider the impact of their trading on prices and endogenize their trading rule which is obtained by maximizing expected utility. Moreover, our strategy does not require the dissemination of information about the extent of portfolio-insurance based hedging activity in the economy. 相似文献
82.
该文分析指出,由于世界各国的政策制定者都在积极地干预市场,次贷危机有望在2009年得到缓解。展望2009年国际外汇市场,除日元以外的亚洲货币将持续走弱,下半年才会有一定程度回升;市场发展将呈现经济去杠杆化、全球经济继续下滑、经济力量变迁等特征,而去杠杆化将有益于美元升势和日元走强。此外,因中国和印度正处于快速工业化的进程中,劳动生产率与结构性调整均获得了巨大改进,将有利于亚洲国家货币的升值。 相似文献
83.
This article considers various methods for constructing sets of multiple indicators that measures one and only one trait, i.e., unidimensional measurement. The article compares two procedures for constructing unidimensional measures: the modification index and tests designed specifically for assessing unidimensionality. The specific tests were shown to work better than the modification indices. 相似文献
84.
Resourcing War While Containing Inflation: Debate among Australia's Second World War Economists
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Evan Mann 《Australian economic history review》2015,55(1):20-41
Early in the Second World War, Australian Government economists, including Financial and Economic Committee members, agreed that taxation was central to shifting resources from consumption to war spending and containing inflation. As Australia's war effort expanded in 1941–42, all advisers accepted the need for more economic controls. Differences emerged about the desired extent of controls. Some saw controls, including rationing and price stabilisation, as an alternative to higher taxation. In these debates and in policy determination, Keynes' views were influential, as to some extent were those of Kalecki and Balogh. Other influences included the policies of Australia's allies. 相似文献
85.
Comparing asset swap spreads across bonds is a widely used tool for measuring relative value. This approach leads portfolio
managers to increase their risk exposure in ways that are not transparent. Credit default swaps are utilized to demonstrate
that viewing wide asset swaps as an indicator of relative value is a mirage. The paper documents the empirical regularities
in the term structure of credit spreads and spread volatilities that make this result possible. In addition, we present empirical
evidence of the imprint made on corporate bond returns by the widespread use of the asset swaps data. 相似文献
86.
The study here applies qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) in an examination of data from 15 societies varying in their degree of market integration (MI) and participation in world religions (WRs); the data are available in Henrich et al. (2010b). The findings here provide a more nuanced coverage of the influences of cultural causal recipes on fairness and punishment in exchanges with strangers than “net effect” explanations. The coverage here explains how acts of fairness and punishment are contingent on several alternative paths including both low as well as high levels of MI and WR. Contrary to conclusions by Henrich et al. (2010a), depending on additional ingredients in cultural recipes, a society does not need to achieve MI and adoption of a WR to be fair and punish unfairness. 相似文献
87.
This article presents the results of a recent survey into the adoption of marketing techniques and philosophies among UK financial institutions. The research was prompted by the increasingly competitive nature of the markets for financial services and the subsequent recent interest in the adoption of a more marketing-oriented approach to doing business. It was found that financial institutions have moved some way towards adopting more of a marketing orientation. There is still, however, much scope for further improvement. 相似文献
88.
This paper estimates the relationship between trade facilitation and trade flows using a panel of disaggregated manufactured goods for the 2000–2001 period for 75 countries. Four categories of trade facilitation are defined, measured and assessed for their impact on bilateral trade flows using a gravity model. The four measures of trade facilitation are: port infrastructure (air and maritime), customs environment, regulatory environments and e‐business infrastructure. The results suggest that raising global capacity halfway to the world average in the four areas would increase trade by $377 billion. Most regions of the world increase exports more than imports. In large part, this result stems from increased exports to OECD markets that is obtained through a country's own effort to improve ports, customs, regulations and services infrastructures. In addition, the results suggest that reform and capacity building in trade facilitation in areas related to GATT Articles V, VIII and X that are under discussion at the World Trade Organisation could expand trade and exports significantly. Many of the reform measures necessary to achieve this goal need not necessarily require large‐scale investment projects, but rather action in legal and administrative reform to facilitate trade. 相似文献
89.
‘Aid for Trade’ is an ongoing and high-profile discussion associated with the Doha negotiations of the World Trade Organization.
It also relates to questions of how best to achieve the Millennium Development Goals. Questions remain, however, about whether
foreign aid spent on trade facilitation increases trade flows of developing countries. Does it work differently from aid in
general? Using detailed data on aid flows from the OECD, the analysis here estimates the relationship between specific types
of aid and trade flows, both globally and of the aid recipients. The findings indicate that aid spent on promoting trade is
positively associated with global trade. For most types of such aid-for-trade facilitation, it is relatively more strongly
associated with recipient exports than their imports. In contrast ‘other’ types of aid are more strongly associated with recipient
imports. Based on elasticities estimated over 16 years of trade and aid data for 40 donor countries and about 170 country
trading pairs, our results suggest that a 1% increase in aid-for-trade facilitation (of about US220 million in 2008) correlates to about US 220 million in 2008) correlates
to about US 290 million of additional exports from the aid receiving countries. 相似文献
90.