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41.
GAME THEORETIC MODELS OF MIXED OLIGOPOLY 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Abstract. In this paper we review various models that have been proposed for the study of mixed oligopoly, that is markets in which private and public firm compete on equal basis using only market instruments. 相似文献
42.
In the EURURALIS project, a chain of models was used to predict the changes in sustainable development indicators for European human well-being, ecology and economy issues, for four alternative scenarios of the future socio-economic development. This paper describes the biodiversity analysis of the project. Models based on general relationships between environmental factors and biodiversity loss were combined with socio-economic, land-use and environmental models to derive data that were integrated into an interactive tool for policy makers. The biodiversity analysis takes into account the effects of land-use change, climate change, fragmentation by major roads, area of unfragmented patches, nitrogen deposition, forestry and disturbance. Results show that biodiversity is projected to decrease between now and 2030 in most countries for all scenarios, indicating that it is unlikely that the EU will be able to fulfill its commitment to stop biodiversity loss by 2010. This is mainly due to urbanization and increase in stress factors, and outweighs the area increase of nature arising from land abandonment. Merits, limitations and uncertainties of this approach to biodiversity assessment are discussed. 相似文献
43.
Bruno De Borger 《European Journal of Political Economy》1997,13(4):765-781
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of externalities on pricing decisions by a public or a private regulated firm selling both final and intermediate goods. The externalities generate feedbacks in demand that affect both consumers and producers. The model is very general in that it does not impose constant returns to scale on private production, allows for distributional effects of both the publicly determined prices and private sector profits, and captures the general equilibrium effects of public pricing. Socially optimal pricing rules are derived, and the relation of the results with previous models of pricing in the presence of externalities is investigated. 相似文献
44.
如何有效地优化物流中心布局设计 ,以便在控制成本的同时提升产品的附加值 ,是众多企业面临的一个共同问题。本文从物流中心设置及配送方案着手 ,提出了相关的优化方法以期解决这一问题。 相似文献
45.
This paper empirically investigates the development of cross-country differences in energy- and labour productivity. The analysis
is performed at a detailed sectoral level for 14 OECD countries, covering the period 1970–1997. A σ-convergence analysis reveals
that the development over time of the cross-country variation in productivity performance differs across sectors as well as
across different levels of aggregation. Both patterns of convergence as well as divergence are found. Cross-country variation
of productivity levels is typically larger for energy than for labour. A β-convergence analysis provides support for the hypothesis
that in most sectors lagging countries tend to catch up with technological leaders, in particular in terms of energy productivity.
Moreover, the results show that convergence is conditional, meaning that productivity levels converge to country-specific
steady states. Energy prices and wages are shown to positively affect energy- and labour-productivity growth, respectively.
We also find evidence for the importance of economies of scale, whereas the investment share, openness and specialization
play only a modest role in explaining cross-country variation in energy- and labour-productivity growth.
相似文献
46.
47.
This paper presents a simple model which illustrates the possible policy- and welfare-implications of endogenous product selection in the postal sector. The cost of a unit of mail depends on its "quality" (e.g., speed of delivery) and on the type and location of the addressee (firms, urban households, and rural households). Senders have inelastic demands and differ in their willingness to pay for quality. Addressees are passive but their utility may affect social welfare. Two operators play a two-stage game, first choosing qualities and then prices. We first show that the equilibrium with two private (profit maximizing) operators results in an inefficient provision of quality. Then, we consider the mixed (Nash) equilibrium with one private and one (welfare maximizing) public operator. If the budget constraint of the public firm is not binding, this equilibrium is shown to be first-best efficient even if social welfare accounts for the utility of addressees. If the budget constraint is binding, the mixed equilibrium is not efficient but yields a higher level of welfare than the private equilibrium. Finally, we study the impact of minimum quality standards within our setting. 相似文献
48.
An analysis of the impact of migration to the United States on the sending community and on the labor market in the receiving country is presented based on a case study of Las Animas, Mexico. "As the community becomes increasingly involved in migration, tendencies can be identified regarding changing migration patterns, class differentiation among villagers, impact of migration on village economy, and the changing role of Mexican workers in California labor markets. Results indicate the importance of social networks in determining the outcome of migration; while migration is individually rational, it is a factor of stagnation for village economy, and it helps reproduce segmented California labor markets." 相似文献
49.
In analyzing firm entry and exit across Belgian manufacturing industries, this paper presents evidence that import competition and foreign direct investment discourage entry and stimulate exit of domestic entrepreneurs. These results are in line with theoretical occupational choice models that predict foreign direct investment would crowd out domestic entrepreneurs through their selections in product and labor markets. However, the empirical results also suggest that this crowding out effect may be moderated or even reversed in the long-run due to the long term positive effects of FDI on domestic entrepreneurship as a result of learning, demonstration, networking and linkage effects between foreign and domestic firms. 相似文献
50.
企业多元化的新模式:基于核心能力的虚拟经营 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
本文研究了企业多元化经营的科学含义,创建了一个二元作用定性模型来论证企业发展到一定阶段多元化经营的必然性,研究了现代企业虚拟经营的背景,含义以及企业深化,培育核心能力与开展虚拟经营之间的本质联系,考察了多元化成功与失败的众多企业案例,当代多元化经营成功的企业大多是基于核心能力的战略相关多元化,而虚拟经营也是核心能力培育,深化的产物,借助于基于核心能力的虚拟经营以实现相关多元化发展,是企业多元化的一条新途径,相对于传统多元化而言,它更具竞争优势。 相似文献