Environmental regulatory enforcement with “green” consumers

We consider a standard probabilistic model of random monitoring to analyze the interactions between a firm and a monitoring agency in the presence of “green” consumers when compliance payoffs are contingent on monitoring and monitoring costs are shared by the monitoring agency and the firm. When the amount paid by the firms if monitored is exogenously fixed, we find that full compliance is implemented with a finite fine. If there is an upper bound for the fine and the regulator determines endogenously the fine and the amount paid by the firms if monitored, we find that full compliance is also achieved, although the optimal fine is now set at its maximum level. The optimal amount paid by the firms if monitored is lower than the environmental premium the compliant firm gets.The author thanks two anonymous referees for their useful comments and suggestions     

社会资本的作用随市场化进程减弱还是加强?-来自中国农村贫困的实证研究

在市场化转型的过程中,社会资本作为一种非市场力量,它的作用会随着市场化进程减弱还是加强?本文以农村贫困为例,研究了市场化如何影响社会资本的作用。本文发现:(1)社会网络和公共信任能显著地减少贫困,而且在社区层面的作用尤其明显;(2)随着市场化程度的提高,社会资本减少贫困的作用总体上来说会减少,其中,家庭层面的社会网络的作用减少得尤其显著,而社会层面的社会资本的作用却不会显著下降。     

矿区生态经济若干问题探讨

本文着重探讨了矿区资源开发中生态经济系统的特征；铜矿资源的珍贵性；矿区自然资源和生态环境以及劳动力资源的脆弱易损性；露采优先方针的重要性；矿区生态、经济、社会三者效益的统一性；21世纪采矿与环境协调发展的新概念和新技术、新工艺。     

Assessment of the agricultural sustainability of Shaanxi Province,China

It is significant for the study on the sustainable development of regional agriculture to monitor and measurethe trend of agricultural development with an effective method. The sustainable development of regional agricultureshould accord with regional population, rural economic development, social progress, resource and environmentalsupport. This paper establishes the evaluating indicators system of sustainable development of regional agriculture,evaluates the agricultural sustainable development in Shaanxi Province with a comprehensive multi-indicator method,analyzes the support of resource and environment for regional agriculture by the resource-development index and theenvironment-development index, and gets the conclusion that the indicators, such as education level, the income gapbetween urban and rural residents, the per capita area under cultivation and the consumption of pesticides and chemicalfertilizers per hectare, are the main factors to restrict agricultural sustainability, and that the pressure of the developmentof subsystems of population, economy and society on the subsystems of resource and environment turns out to bestronger and stronger. Agricultural environment gets better, but resource becomes one of the important factors to restrictthe development of regional agriculture. In a word, this paper highlights the potentials and limitations of sustainableagriculture of Shaanxi and helps identify the development direction in the future.     

技术差距模型与中非合作的利益分配

近年来,随着中国经济实力的增强和非洲国家经济贸易地位的提升,中非经贸关系发展迅速.双方经济联系趋向紧密,意味着发生经济摩擦的几率加大.最近两年,一些非洲国家与中国的贸易争端有增长之势,成为一些西方舆论制造"中国新殖民主义"的口实.本文运用技术差距国际贸易模型,分析了中非合作在国际贸易利益分配方面的动态变化,旨在为反驳"中国新殖民主义"论提供一定的理论支持,同时提示中国在合作中须保持一定的技术优势.     

杉木——籽西瓜套种模式的生物生产力及收益的研究

8年(1985～1992年)的试验和大面积(1356ha)应用结果表明,在杉木连栽林地套种籽西瓜对杉木幼林生长有显著的促进作用,套种林地的生物生产力和材积生产力分别比不套种林地提高95.75％～213.94％和128.03％～339.09％。模式的短期收益十分显著,平均每公顷纯收入达2627元,达到了长短结合,以短养长,以短促长的经营目的。具有广阔的推广应用前景。     

关键种理论在宿迁市生态工业园建设中的运用举例

本文用生态学的关键种理论论述了经济相对落后地区在当今经济发展与生态保护并重的形势下，以自然社会优势资源发展关键企业，带动生态工业园建设的重要性，并运用到宿迁市生态工业园建设中去。     

“和谐”需要节制

和谐．从中国历史纵向看．人们心仪和追求它一直可以追溯到几千年之前，甲骨文和金文中就有了“和”字。几乎是中国社会何时产生文明何时也就产生了“和谐”思想及对和谐理想的追求。从世界历史横向看。追求和谐社会并非中国专利和国粹，西方国家和谐思想同样源远流长。但不管是中国也好还是西方国家也好．在追求和谐社会理想过程中．均强调和谐需要节制。唯有节制才有和谐可言。柏拉图提出“公正即和谐”的观点。     

我国两部门劳动生产率增长及国际比较(1978-2005)-巴拉萨萨缪尔森效应与人民币实际汇率关系的重新考察

依据巴拉萨萨缪尔森效应假说,一国经济追赶伴随的可贸易部门劳动生产率的“相对相对增长”会派生本币实际汇率升值趋势。本文对改革开放以来我国可贸易与不可贸易部门劳动生产率各自增长、相对增长、国际比较增长等指标进行系统估测,发现上述结构性生产率指标与人民币实际汇率之间的关系存在与巴拉萨萨缪尔森效应假说推论一致的经验证据;利用人均或劳均产出等总量性生产率指标检验这一理论对人民币实际汇率的解释力,则存在理论假说变量与度量指标选择不兼容的问题。     

论社会主义社会的劳动和劳动价值

本文探讨了社会主义社会劳动和劳动价值理论。文中指出 ,必须全面、准确地把握马克思关于价值创造的理论与方法 ;澄清传统政治经济学中一系列并不完全符合马克思原意、更脱离现实经济生活的观念 ;发展马克思主义的劳动价值理论 ,扩展价值创造和生产性劳动的领域