The institutional embeddedness of local inter-firm networks: a leverage for business creation

There is an increasing concern for the notion of ‘embeddedness’ of economic activity; yet the conceptualization of the concept and its operationalization remain underdeveloped. First, embeddedness may concern, on the one hand, the structure of relations that tie economic actors together (structural embeddedness) and, on the other hand, the social strands supplementing economic strands in each relation (substantive embeddedness). In this paper, a network framework is outlined which proposes several layers or ‘orders’ of embeddedness. Focusing on small firms, the point of departure is individual exchange relationships as personal ties combining economic and social concerns. First-order embeddedness concerns the localized business networks created by combining these dyadic relations. Second-order embeddedness is achieved when considering also the memberships of business persons in economic and social local institutions while third-order embeddedness concerns the special cases where these institutions bridge gaps between firms. The network model is operationalized and applied to a small Swedish industrial (furniture) community, its firms and economic/social institutions. The findings generally support the applicability of the model and demonstrate the supplementarity of different layers/orders of embeddedness. Further research challenges are deduced and implications for practitioners are provided.     

企业信用体系的效能分析

指出企业信用体系的构成包括:商业信用体系、银行信用体系、政府信用体系和社会信用体系,最后对其失信成本进行了数学分析,构建了计算公式.     

The influence of variables of attitude on collective entrepreneurship

In the current global corporate climate that surrounds us, firms would do well to encourage the talent and creativity of their employees in order to achieve success. This is achieved, not by giving priority to individual talent, but by optimizing the collective as a whole and the firm’s activity based on team work and joint effort. Heads of organizations might benefit from creating a favorable context for the birth and growth of collective internal cooperation, which is understood to be the collective ability to create and innovate on the part of the team, the firm or the organization. Having contrasted our hypotheses through research on Spanish firms, we have concluded that job satisfaction and commitment to the team are factors that have a direct and positive effect on collective entrepreneurship.     

对城市互通立交线形设计安全性探索和分析

城市互通立交线形设计过程中存在很多的安全影响因素,因此正确认识到这些安全隐患,对于提高道路的实用性和稳定性有着重要意义。     

基于员工个人能力模型的人力资源管理信息化平台

通过对市区供电公司人力资源管理现状的了解、调研和分析,发现目前缺乏针对具体业务特点设计的人力资源管理信息化平台。由此,从"互动"入手,搭建针对公司人力资源管理具体需求的、面向公司全体员工的人力资源管理信息化平台,并着重描述了平台在新员工培训管理中的具体应用。     

MIND THE GAP: UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE NEW EU REGIONS

Abstract.  The paper surveys the theoretical and empirical literature on regional unemployment during transition in Central and Eastern Europe. The focus is on optimal speed of transition (OST) models and on comparison of them with the neo-classical tradition. In the typical neo-classical models, spatial differences essentially arise as a consequence of supply side constraints and institutional rigidities. Slow-growth, high-unemployment regions are those with backward economic structures and constraints on factors mobility contribute to making differences persistent. However, such explanations leave the question unanswered of how unemployment differences arise in the first place. Economic transition provides an excellent testing ground to answer this question. Pre-figuring an empirical law, the OST literature finds that the high degree of labour turnover of high unemployment regions is associated with a high rate of industrial restructuring and, consequently, that low unemployment may be achieved by implementing transition more gradually. Moreover, international trade, foreign direct investment and various agglomeration factors help explain the success of capital cities compared to peripheral towns and rural areas in achieving low unemployment. The evidence of the empirical literature on supply side factors suggests that wage flexibility in Central and Eastern Europe is not lower than in other EU countries, while labour mobility seems to reinforce rather than change the spatial pattern of unemployment.     

Measurement of Variables Involved in the Design of a Training Study: Practical Experience Undertaken in a Sports Organisation

This article describes the process for preparing a survey, which will be used to measure relevant variables, which are involved in a study of training needs in a Spanish sports organisation. The variables which have been considered are: problems and difficulties in carrying work of specific positions; “strong points” in carrying out this work; usefulness of the training received in facing and solving the above-mentioned problems and difficulties; usefulness of the training received in acquiring and strengthening these “strong points” in carrying out work; opinion and suggestions with respect to future training. Due to the applied nature of the study, a data collection methodology was designed which was based on interviews and group discussions with a representative sample of workers. Finally, the predictive capacity of perception, which workers have, of their motivation at work was clearly shown in order to then identify different attitude and conduct patterns.     

企业如何进入经营佳境

据权威部门统计,世界上大约80％的企业寿命不足3年,10％的企业寿命只有8年,仅有2％的企业寿命超过40年。足见把企业办好,使企业长寿,是件很难的事情。办好这件难事,做好这篇文章需要做的工作很多。就企业本身而言,要抓好五大要素,强化三大支撑。 第一个要素,要有好班子。企业带头人的素质决定着企业的兴衰成败。拿破仑有句名言,一头狮子率领的一     

营改增对顺丰公司的财税影响研究

营改增是国家的一次重要税制改革,旨在减轻企业税负,深化供给侧结构性改革.分析民营快递企业顺丰公司在全面营改增后的三年时间里的相关财务数据与财务指标,从税负与财务绩效两个方面反映国家税收政策改革对顺丰公司的影响,结合企业实际情况给出应对措施.