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101.
The cultural affinity hypothesis and mortgage lending decisions 总被引:9,自引:2,他引:7
William C. Hunter Mary Beth Walker 《The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics》1996,13(1):57-70
This paper conducts an empirical analysis of the cultural affinity hypothesis put forth by Calomiris, et al. (1994) in the mortgage lending market. This hypothesis implies that white loan officers, because of a lack of familiarity with minority applicants, will rely more heavily on characteristics that can be observed at low cost (e.g., objective loan application measures) in evaluating the creditworthiness of minority applicants relative to white applicants. Using a cleansed sample of 1,991 loan applications drawn from data collected by the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, the results of the analysis were consistent with the cultural affinity hypothesis. In particular, we found that marginal black and Hispanic applicants appeared to be held to higher quantitative standards on such objective factors as credit history and debt obligation ratios than were similarly situated marginal white applicants. 相似文献
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A bstract . M. Reynolds and M. Edwards , commenting on R. J. Cebula's study of geographic differences in living costs in states with Right-to-Work Laws , seek to extend his results and explore the relevance of alternative variables. Cebula, in reply, addresses the comment and re-estimates the living cost impact of such laws, taking into account additional factors. Even after allowing for additional South/non-South differences , Cebula reports, the original basic model is resilient. 相似文献
104.
Mary Lyn Stoll 《Journal of Business Ethics》2005,58(1-3):261-269
Although the courts have ruled that companies are legal persons, they have not yet made clear the extent to which political
free speech for corporations is limited by the strictures legitimately placed upon corporate commercial speech. I explore
the question of whether or not companies can properly be said to have the right to civil free speech or whether corporate
speech is always de facto commercial speech not subject to the same sorts of legal protections as is the right to civil free
speech. In the absence of clearly defined legal precedent, I emphasize moral reasons for determining the appropriate limits
of corporate civil free speech. Appealing to arguments typically used to justify individual rights to civil free speech, I
examine the extent to which this sort of justification may or may not be legitimately extended to corporations. I conclude
that corporate rights to civil free speech must be restricted because granting rights of free speech to institutions may,
in practice, undermine the moral rationale and practical feasibility of guaranteeing rights of civil free speech to individuals.
Furthermore, I argue that granting corporations full rights to civil free speech will undercut attempts to develop good moral
character in corporate institutions by undermining the efforts of watchdog organizations. 相似文献
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In this study we examine the effect of firms' marginal tax rates on incremental and overall reliance on mandatorily redeemable preferred stock (MRPS). Similarities in the cash flows associated with debt and MRPS, as well as similarities in the claims of holders of debt and MRPS on the assets of issuing firms, suggest that MRPS may be viewed as a substitute for debt. However, important differences in the tax treatment of MRPS and debt suggest that firms that cannot make full use of interest tax shields may be able to finance more efficiently using MRPS instead of debt. The results indicate that, both incrementally and overall, firms with low marginal tax rates rely more heavily on MRPS than debt relative to firms with high tax rates. This finding is consistent with the proposition that firms that cannot make full use of interest tax shields finance incrementally using equity rather than debt. 相似文献
108.
Mary Campbell 《Business Strategy Review》1997,8(2):29-37
This article argues that if stakeholding has any validity, then the family should be numbered among the stakeholders. It then goes on to discuss how the family's stake in the firm could be distinguished from its stake in society and suggests ways in which the family's stake could be embodied. 相似文献
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110.
Mary Carson 《Business Horizons》2006,49(5):395
In corporate America, the use of 360-degree feedback continues to rise. Is this tool, though, all it purports to be? Used with caution, the feedback process can provide meaningful information for both the organization and the individuals involved. Misuse of the process, however, can lead to hurt feelings, increased anxiety, and even loss of key personnel. This small case study showcases key research findings on best practices for using the 360-design feedback process, especially regarding intended use of feedback, aligning performance measures with organizational goals, and selecting and training participants. 相似文献