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41.
Bank's capital structure under non-diversifiable risk 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Masaya Sakuragawa 《Economic Theory》2002,20(1):29-45
Summary. The aim of this paper is to study the design of optimal capital structure of a “large” intermediary when the intermediary
faces a non-diversifiable risk, within the standard costly-state-verification (CSV) model. I demonstrate that, under weaker
conditions, a “large” intermediary realizes more efficient allocation by issuing both debt and equity than by issuing only
debt. Unlike Diamond (1984) and Williamson (1986), the set of optimal contracts involves ex ante monitoring made by shareholders
of the intermediary. Changes in parameters, such as the variance of the aggregate risk or the cost of monitoring, affect bankruptcy
costs and the capital structure.
Received: October 12, 1998; revised version: March 20, 2001 相似文献
42.
Jota Ishikawa 《Review of International Economics》1998,6(1):129-141
Using a simple Cournot-oligopoly model, the paper examines the effects of voluntary export restraints (VERs) on profits, market shares, consumers' surplus, and domestic welfare when the domestic market is open to foreign direct investment (FDI) or exports from a third country. A VER may induce FDI from the VER-restricted country or exports from the third country. Under certain circumstances, the domestic firm loses from a VER. Even if the domestic firm gains, the increase in the market share of the domestic country induced by the VER could be less than that of the third country. 相似文献
43.
In this paper we investigate the effect of a tax on land rent on the growth rate of capital in a growing economy with overlapping generations. A tax on land rent has a potential to increase the growth rate of capital. If the model is extended to allow the tax revenue to be refunded to individuals, a tax on land rent may deter growth to the extent that the tax revenue is transferred to the older generation.
JEL Classification numbers: H31, O41. 相似文献
JEL Classification numbers: H31, O41. 相似文献
44.
This paper investigates how a rise in the urban pollution tax rate may affect urban unemployment and welfare in a small open Harris–Todaro (HT) model with intersectoral capital mobility. First, by formulating urban pollution as a dirty input in manufacturing, we find that an increase in the urban pollution tax rate can increase the level of urban unemployment even with intersectoral capital mobility. That is, the optimistic finding by Rapanos (2007 ) that environmental protection policy reduces urban unemployment in the long run does not always hold. Second, the (sub)optimal pollution tax rate under urban unemployment is higher than the Pigouvian tax rate (the marginal damage of pollution). This result opposes those of Beladi and Chao (2006 ) for a closed HT economy and that of Tsakiris et al. (2008 ) for an open HT economy with sector‐specific capital. 相似文献
45.
This paper presents an examination of effects of a child allowance on fertility under a pay-as-you-go pension system. In these analyses, the child allowance is financed by taxation of two kinds: an income tax and a consumption tax. Comparative static analyses show that a child allowance financed by income tax revenues can always raise fertility. Similarly with income tax, a child allowance financed by consumption tax can always raise fertility. Furthermore, our paper presents examination of optimal child allowance and transfer for older people. 相似文献
46.
Masaya Morita 《New Technology, Work and Employment》2001,16(3):178-180
Whether or not the Japanese work organisation may be considered teamworking is debated, especially by European researchers. In this paper four characteristics of the Japanese work organisation are outlined. These characteristics are typical for this form of teamworking. Empirical data are presented on its transfer to China and the United Kingdom. 相似文献
47.
This paper compares emissions taxes with other taxes from the viewpoint of emissions reduction in an open economy. Using a simple monopoly model, we show that emissions taxes may not be very effective to protect the environment because of the spillover effects between markets stemming from non‐constant marginal costs and transboundary externalities. Other taxes such as production taxes and tariffs are more effective under certain conditions. Thus, an easy application of emissions taxes should be discreet in the open economy framework. 相似文献
48.
49.
FDI in post-production services and product market competition 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Post-production services, such as sales, distribution, and maintenance, comprise a crucial element of business activity. We explore an international duopoly model in which a foreign firm has the option of outsourcing post-production services to its domestic rival or providing those services by establishing its own facilities through FDI. We demonstrate that trade liberalization in goods may hurt domestic consumers and lower world welfare, and that the negative welfare impacts are turned into positive ones if service FDI is also liberalized. This finding yields important policy implications, given the reality that the progress of liberalization in service sectors is still limited. 相似文献
50.
Masaya Yasuoka 《Australian economic papers》2021,60(1):138-152
Based on an earlier report by Ono (2010), this paper presents consideration of a consumption tax and examines how tax reform to maintain the neutrality of pension benefits affects the income growth rate and the employment rate. A decrease in the rate of worker contribution (labour income tax rate) with an increase in a consumption tax raises employment, but the effect on income growth is ambiguous. A decrease in the rate of firm contribution with an increase in the consumption tax decreases employment and facilitates income growth. Therefore, if the unemployment rate must be decreased, then pension reform with a decrease in the rate of worker contribution should be selected. The results derived through the study described in this paper are consistent with the empirical facts. Moreover, for these analyses, we assume the other production function and confirm the robustness of the obtained results. 相似文献