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991.
In this paper we estimate the demand for exports and imports of manufactured goods for a panel containing the majority of
the EU countries as well as the United States and Japan. The model includes as explanatory factors both the traditional determinants
of trade and also the stock of foreign direct investment (FDI). We apply panel unit root and cointegration tests allowing
for heterogeneity. Whereas there is no evidence of cointegration when using just the traditional formulation, the results
are favorable to the existence of long-run relationships linking the variables of the augmented model. Moreover, the results
point mainly to a complementary relationship between trade and FDI. 相似文献
992.
During the initial phase of transformation to a market economy many of the Eastern European and Baltic countries experienced
an initial decline of output. This paper explains, both theoretically and empirically, why they experienced negative growth
initially, and how some of them started to get over and recorded positive growth recently. As a vehicle to transfer technology
and managerial skills to the transition economies, as well as to increase capital work, foreign direct investment (FDI) is
regarded important. Production function with a low elasticity of substitution between two inputs is employed to capture the
dynamic short-run movement of these economies. Cross-sectional and panel data, are utilized to analyze the short-run dynamic
movement of equilibrium paths of transformation to a market economy. The findings confirm that total factor productivity and
GDP in the region grew together with the inflow of FDI, and the marginal contribution of FDI to growth is greater than that
of domestic investment. JEL no. O50, P39, F21
This project is financially supproted by the ARC Small Grant, Department Research Grant, Department of Economics, UWA and
Division Research Grant, Commerce, Division, Lincoln University. 相似文献
993.
Hannah?NielsenEmail author Giuseppe?Tullio Jürgen?Wolters 《International Economics and Economic Policy》2004,1(1):73-85
A money demand function for M2 is estimated for Italy for the period 1972–1998 within an error correction framework. This period has been characterized by major structural changes in the Italian financial system and by major changes in monetary policy. This study takes these changes into account. Moreover, currency substitution, especially between Italy and Germany is incorporated into the model. By accounting for structural breaks and currency substitution a stable money demand function can be found.Financial support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, SFB 373, is gratefully acknowledged. We thank Uwe Hassler, Goethe Universität, Frankfurt, and Carsten Trenkler, SFB 373, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, for helpful comments. An earlier version has been presented at the ESEM 2001, Lausanne. 相似文献
994.
This paper investigates the relationship between sovereign credit spreads and the composition of the government budget. The
key result of this paper is that governments that invest more and spend less on consumption have significantly lower sovereign
credit spreads. This finding is in accordance with the endogenous growth theory, which predicts a positive impact of government
investment and a negative impact of government consumption on the long-term growth rate. Finally, a broader tax base significantly
reduces sovereign credit spreads. A possible explanation may be that governments with more tax receipts are less likely to
have liquidity problems to finance their debt charges. 相似文献
995.
This paper aims at overcoming several shortcomings of previous empirical studies on the relationship between IPR protection
and FDI. First of all, we use sectorally disaggregated FDI data for a large sample of host countries. Second, we address the
proposition that stronger IPR protection raises not only the quantity but also the quality of FDI. Third, we check to which
extent the relationship between IPR protection and FDI is affected by applying alternative measures of IPR protection. Our
empirical findings support the hypothesis that the threat of an unauthorized use of intellectual-property-related assets and,
thus, FDI depends on industry as well as host-country characteristics. Furthermore, stronger IPR protection may help induce
high-quality FDI. JEL no. F21, F23 相似文献
996.
Has the European integration process lead to increased specialization and what drives changes in countries’ specialization? To address these questions we apply a model that incorporates endowments, technology and increasing returns to scale. Analysis reveals that countries with high capital accumulation have become increasingly specialized in capital-intensive industries; this holds for both human and physical capital. No general tendency towards increased specialization is found with the exception of capital-intensive industries. Analysis indicates scale economies in R&;D at the firm level and that R&;D at the firm level drives productivity and competitiveness. JEL no. C29, F12, O33, O52 相似文献
997.
As opposed to the Veblen—Gerschenkron catching-up hypothesis, the recent literature allows for technological divergence in backward economies. We extend a nonlinear adoption function to include openness and interact with capital accumulation in an intertemporal general equilibrium framework. The threshold gap necessary to catch up is endogenously determined by the economy's absorptive capacity. The model generates multiple transition growth paths depending on whether technological catch-up is achieved, and due to the endogeneity of the threshold gap, endogenous switching between development paths might be observed. Our simulations of the Thailand experience show how lack of investment in education and protectionism generate loss of transition growth and technological divergence. The paper highlights the role of absorptive capacity, and especially its importance for economies on the balance between low growth and high growth paths. JEL no. O41, O53 相似文献
998.
This paper uses an unbalanced panel data set for exporting firms from manufacturing industries in one German federal state,
Lower Saxony, to investigate the microstructure of the recent export boom. Looking at data for 1995/96–2001/02 it is demonstrated
that a considerable number of plants start and stop exporting in each year, but that most of the export dynamics is due to
positive and negative changes of exports in plants that continue exporting. A small fraction made of 4–5 percent of all exporting
plants is responsible for around 70 to 80 percent of the gross increase in exports. Firms with expanding and contracting exports
are found simultaneously in all broad sectors, technology classes and firm size classes. Patterns of export behavior differ
widely between the plants over the periods investigated. JEL no. F14, E32 相似文献
999.
Deborah?Walker Jerry?W.?Dauterive Elyssa?Schultz Walter?BlockEmail author 《Journal of Business Ethics》2004,55(3):243-254
Feminist literature sometimes posits that competition and cooperation are opposites. This dichotomy is important in that it is often invoked in order to explain why mainstream economics has focused on market activity to the exclusion of non-market activity, and why this fascination or focus is sexist. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that the competition/cooperation dichotomy is false. Once the dichotomy is dissolved, those activities which are seen as competitive (masculine) and those which are seen as cooperative (feminine) are no longer mutually exclusive but are, in fact, dependent upon one another. It is shown that the outcome of competition (more and better knowledge) enhances, and in some cases makes possible, cooperation. The function of battle is destruction; of competition, construction. Ludwig von Mises 相似文献
1000.
ABSTRACT. This paper considers two sets ethical obligations owed by a firm and its management to stockholders and employees with respect to layoffs. Literature and research from ethics and agency are used to frame ethical issues that pertain to age discrimination in layoffs. An actual court case provides an example for focus, analysis, and discussion. Points of discussion include management's obligations to employees and factors of injustice related to prejudice against age. 相似文献