Property Markets At Sea

Explotation of seabed resources will be inefficient unless markets are established in seabed property rights. Professor Denman draws an implicit parallel between the Enclosure Movement which produced rapid improvements in agricultural efficiency, and privatising the ocean floor, and offers specific proposals for its implementation.     

Equal Credit Opportunity Legislation and Indicators of Credit Worthiness: An Economic Study of Women Applicants for Credit in California

Although much equal credit opportunity legislation has been passed in recent years, little has been done to ascertain whether the new laws have actually altered lending practices or whether the practices were sex-biased initially. This research makes use of a sample of 241 women from five counties in California to show what factors affect the probability of credit extension to women in that state, and whether these variables are different from those that were associated with lending practices before the law's passage. The results indicate that prior to the passage of the law, several market indices, including home ownership and spousal support, were associated with an applicant's ability to obtain credit. After passage of the law these indices were no longer significant predictors of loan approval. Within the limits of the data and the design used here, the empirical evidence supported the hypothesis that California credit institutions changed their lending criteria after the passage of equal credit opportunity legislation.     

The interaction of shock waves in cylindrical structures

An experimental investigation into the validity and use of the hydraulic jump analogy for studying the interaction of shock waves in air with cylindrical structures.     

Major fire in a steam-methane reformer furnace

Causes of a major fire which resulted when a pigtail ruptured on a 10-year old hydrogen plant reformer and led to the destruction of 54 catalyst tubes.     

Early on-line detection of exothermic reactions

On-line supervision exhibits in many respects properties complementary to those of established off-line safety tests. Thus, on-line methods are powerful tools for increasing the safety of chemical processes, especially in situations where unexpected hazards could occur. Known on-line supervising methods are described and their advantage and disadvantages are briefly discussed. The abilities of various on-line methods are demonstrated on a real case.     

Evaluating Alternative Mortgage Instruments for Low-equity Ontario Dairy Farms

The current debt repayment problems facing many farmers have led to requests for changes in farm financing mechanisms for the sector. Two such debt repayment instruments, namely the shared risk mortgage and commodity-based loan mortgage, were recently introduced by the Farm Credit Corporation. This study is a comparative evaluation of their potential to adjust the cash flow repayment requirements of these mortgages, compared with a floating-interest-rate conventional mortgage, using an average Ontario dairy farm as a case study. The results of the analysis show that the changes in the mortgage interest and principal repayment conditions improved the cash flow positions of the farms relative to the conventional mortgage. The study thus concludes that the changed mortgages offer some prospect for improving farm net cash flows when interest rate levels are reduced at least for a short period and when fluctuations in interest rates are limited. However, the major impact of these changes in mortgage conditions is related to this level of interest rate charged, and other methods of reducing or delaying interest charges on farm mortgages may be equally successful in improving net cash flows of farmers with relatively large debts. Les problèmes financiers dont font face actuellement les producteurs agricoles ont amenés une remise en cause des mécanismes de financement du secteur agricole. Deux instruments de paiement de la dette, l'hypothèque à risque partagé (SRM) et le prêt basé sur les prix (CBLM), ont été récemment introduits par la Société du Crédit Agricole. Cette étude évalue le potentiel de ces deux instruments à ajuster les remboursements requis, comparativement à l'hypothèque conventionnelle à taux d'intérêt variable, en utilisant comme étude de cas, une ferme laitière moyenne type de l'Ontario. Les résultats de l'analyse montrent que les changements dans le remboursement en capital et intérêt améliorent la position de cashflow des fennes comparativement à l'hypothèque conventionnelle. L'étude conclue que les deux nouveaux instruments étudiés offrent des espoirs d'amélioration des cashflows nets des fermes lorsque le niveau des taux d'intréêts est réduit pour au moins une courte période et que les fluctuations de ceux-ci sont limitées. Cependant, l'impact majeur des changements dans les conditions de l'hypothèque est relié au niveau du taux d'intérêt demandé et d'autres méthodes de réduction ou de retarement des frais d'intérêts sur les hypothèques agricoles peuvent être également bénéfique dans l'amélioration du cashflow net des producteurs relativement endettés.