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601.
We provide a framework for modelling habit persistence in choice that integrates vector auto-regressive and moving-average (VARMA) time-series models with random coefficient Multinomial Probit (MNP) models. We provide two classes of models. In the first we assume that the error in the utility function has a general VARMA structure, and in the second we assume that structure for the regression coefficients. We provide an interpretation of these two classes of models. As an illustration, we re-analyse the A.C. Nielsen Company 1986/1987 scanner panel data on ketchup purchases and compare our model with two alternative state dependence models. 相似文献
602.
This paper examines the long-run behavior of an overlapping generations model with a population consisting of altruistic and nonaltruistic agents. It also studies the effect of fiscal policy on aggregate capital accumulation and on the welfare of both types of agents. It shows that an increase in the relative number of nonaltruists is Pareto-improving in the steady state. It also shows that the introduction of public debt or unfunded social security has no effect on the long-run equilibrium but implies a transfer of resources from the nonaltruistic to the altruistic agents. Finally, it indicates that inheritance taxation hurts not only the altruists but also the nonaltruists. 相似文献
603.
Dr. L. Michel 《Metrika》1961,4(1):230-236
Zusammenfassung Ausgehend von einer in dieser Zeitschrift (Bd. 3, S. 117–127) von Lienert und Ebel publizierten Arbeit, werden die allgemeinen
Bedingungen für idealtypische Speed- und Power-Tests diskutiert. Es wird nachgewiesen, da? Indices zur numerischen Kennzeichnung
von Speedbzw. Power-Eigenschaften eines psychologischen Tests — bestimmt auf Grund einmaliger Testdurchführung —, wie sie
von Lienert und Ebel und vor ihnen von Gulliksen (1) entwickelt wurden, nur unter speziellen Bedingungen anwendbar sind. 相似文献
604.
Edlira Shehu Jan U. Becker Ann-Christin Langmaack Michel Clement 《Journal of Business Ethics》2016,137(3):589-608
This article contributes to the limited literatures on small- and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) and corporate social responsibility (CSR). Using an institutional theoretical framework, we analyzed fieldwork interviews with twenty SMEs and perspectives of 165 SME managers and workers in textiles, garment, and footwear industries, the most important wage-earning sector in Vietnam. Having understood in the context of a developing “market economy with socialist orientation” (thus a “Southern perspective”), we find that socially responsible practices and expectations developed long before the arrival of CSR as a western concept and an MNC agenda. While identifying and contributing ideas concerning forms of “informal” CSR practices—influenced by social and cultural expectations—to the CSR/SME literature, we are conscious of the mixed effects of these practices and the ongoing nuanced negotiations between workers and managers in these SMEs. In our research, we found that it takes both domestic and international stakeholders to improve labor conditions in Vietnam under the banner of CSR. 相似文献
605.
Asymmetric responses of money demand to oil price shocks in Saudi Arabia: a non-linear ARDL approach
Mouyad Alsamara Zouhair Mrabet Michel Dombrecht Karim Barkat 《Applied economics》2017,49(37):3758-3769
Saudi Arabia is an open oil-based economy with fixed exchange rates; therefore, it has limited monetary policy autonomy. Using non-linear autoregressive distributed lag approach, this article investigates the asymmetric effects of oil price shocks on the demand of money in Saudi Arabia over the period 1990:Q1–2014:Q4. The empirical results show evidence of positive long run but asymmetric effects of oil price shocks on the money demand. In particular, we find that the positive oil price shocks are more important than negative shocks. Therefore, two policy responses can be considered: either sustaining the fixed exchange rate regime and following an economic diversification policy or switching towards a flexible exchange rate regime to achieve price stability. In that case, the existence of a stable money demand function in Saudi Arabia is a necessary precondition for adopting a monetary policy strategy targeted to price stability using instruments like money targeting. 相似文献
606.
This paper examines a model of optimal growth where the aggregation of two separate well behaved and concave production technologies
exhibits a basic non-convexity. First, we consider the case of strictly concave utility function: when the discount rate is
either low enough or high enough, there will be one steady state toward which the convergence of the optimal path is monotone
and asymptotic. When the discount rate is in some intermediate range, we will find sufficient conditions for having either
one equilibrium or multiple equilibria steady state. Depending to whether the initial capital per capita is located with respect
to a critical value, we show that the optimal paths monotonically converge to one single appropriate equilibrium steady state.
Second, we consider the case of linear utility and provide sufficient conditions to have either unique or two steady states
when the discount rate is in some intermediate range. In this range, we give conditions under which the above critical value
might not exist, and the economy attains one steady state in finite time, then stays at the other steady state afterward.
P. Michel passed away when this research was completed. This paper is dedicated to his memory as a friend and colleague. N.
M. Hung and C. Le Van thank the referee for vey helpful remarks and criticisms. They are grateful to Takashi Kamihigashi for
very fruitful discussions. They also thank J.-F. Leclerc for editing the final version of this paper. 相似文献
607.
This article examines whether individual differences in chronic regulatory focus (prevention vs. promotion focus) among adolescents influences the way they evaluate targeted advertising on social networking sites. Study 1 (survey) reveals that adolescents with a promotion focus (who are oriented toward achieving positive outcomes) have a more positive attitude and a higher purchase intention toward targeted advertising, as compared to prevention-focused adolescents (who are dispositioned toward avoiding negative outcomes). Study 2 (experiment) investigates how adolescents’ chronic regulatory focus can alter their attitude and purchase intention on a mock social networking site that includes a targeted advertisement. Results show that a low personalized targeted ad is better evaluated (in terms of a more positive attitude and higher purchase intention) among prevention-focused adolescents, whereas a high personalized targeted ad results in better advertising outcomes among promotion-focused adolescents. Contributions to theory and implications for advertising practice are discussed. 相似文献
608.
Michel Walrave Karolien Poels Marjolijn L. Antheunis Evert Van den Broeck Guda van Noort 《Journal of Marketing Communications》2018,24(6):599-616
Increasingly, personal data posted by users of social network sites (SNSs) can be used to personalize advertising. The present study investigates how adolescents respond to personalized ads in terms of attitude toward the ad, brand engagement and intention to forward, and whether privacy concerns moderate their responses. According to pretest results, a medium level of personalization was expected to be optimal in terms of advertising effectiveness. A within-subjects experiment involving 40 participants aged 14–18 years was performed. Three conditions of personalized advertising were designed with, respectively, low, medium, and high levels of personalization. The study found that the highest personalization condition generated the most positive response and that privacy concerns did not moderate the effects of personalization. The privacy paradox is discussed as an alternative explanation, along with other implications of the results. 相似文献
609.
In this article, we propose an optimal mechanism to reduce congestion when information is asymmetric. Each car driver receives a quantity of traffic rights such that his adjusted marginal benefit is equal to the marginal cost of congestion and payments are based on willingness to pay. We show that the level of congestion achieved is lower and each car user can receive more or fewer rights than under complete information. With symmetric beliefs, the payment rule results from a second‐degree price discrimination. When beliefs are asymmetric, it results simultaneously from a second‐degree price discrimination and from a third‐degree price discrimination and high willingness‐to‐pay car users are discriminated against. The revenue raised can be used to reduce distortionary taxes, thereby gaining public acceptability. 相似文献
610.
This article illustrates the progressive move away from traditional accounting practices through a study of the presentation of financial statements. Based on a sample of one hundred large French industrial and commercial groups over a ten-year period, and applying a logistic regression method, our survey confirms a trend among French companies, which are increasingly turning their backs on traditional national practices as regards the balance sheet format, the income statement format, the voluntary disclosure of a statement of changes in shareholders' equity and the cash flow statement format. This move towards 'alternative' practices is made possible by the flexibility of French regulation, and can probably be explained by the desire of French firms to attract more investment on international capital markets. However, this trend shows no signs of a clear orientation towards any particular accounting model (IAS, U.S. or U.K.). The behaviour of the French firms observed in our study can be considered as a kind of 'shopping around' for accounting practices. 相似文献