Education, Work and Wages in the UK

Abstract. This paper is concerned with the relationship between education, wages and working behaviour. The work is partly motivated by the sharp distinction in the literature between the returns to education and the effect of wages on labour supply. Education is the investment that cumulates in the form of human capital while labour supply is the utilization rate of that stock. Yet, variation in education is usually the basis for identifying labour supply models – education is assumed to determine wages but not affect labour supply. Moreover, it is commonly assumed that the private rate of return to education can be found from the schooling coefficient in a log-wage equation. Yet, the costs of education are largely independent of its subsequent utilization but the benefits will be higher the greater the utilization rate. Thus the returns will depend on how intensively that capital is utilized and we would expect that those who intend to work least to also invest least in human capital. Indeed, the net (of tax liabilities and welfare entitlements) return to education will be a complex function of labour supply and budget constraint considerations.
Here we attempt to model the relationship between wages, work, education and the tax/welfare system allowing for the endogeneity of education as well for the correlations between the unobservable components of wages and working behaviour. We use the estimates to simulate the effect of a new UK policy designed to increase education for children from low-income households.     

日本对华直接投资决定因素的实证研究

运用计量模型,以1986-2007年的统计数据为基础,选取中国国内生产总值、中日双边贸易量、人民币实际汇率和中日两国实际工资差异为解释变量,针对日本对华直接投资进行实证分析,结果显示:国内生产总值、中日双边贸易量和实际汇率与日本对华直接投资正相关,实际工资差异与之负相关,且各变量均影响显著.     

江西省工业化进程综合评价和加速工业化进程的对策分析

2007年江西省全省整体处于工业化中期水平,和全国工业化所处阶段相一致,但地区发展不平衡,发展最快和最慢的地区工业化综合指数相差56.71;1995-2005年江西省大部分地区工业化都在加速推进,"十一五"期间的前半段,工业化发展较平缓,各地区综合指数都在提升,但没有地区工业化阶段发生变化。预计在"十一五"后半段,全省大部分地市将进入工业化中期以上阶段。到2010年,南昌将有望在全省率先进入后工业化阶段。刚刚步入工业化中期的江西,应从产业结构优化、城镇化建设、提升技术创新能力等多方面采取措施,努力缩小与其他地区工业化发展的差距。     

公共投资与宏观经济结构的实证研究

运用协整分析、误差修正模型、脉冲响应函数和方差分解计量分析工具,对我国公共投资与宏观经济结构的关系进行了实证研究。研究结果表明:公共投资与三次产业总产值均具有长期正向均衡关系,其中对第三产业的正效应最大,第一产业最弱;三次产业总产值对公共投资冲击的长期响应为正;公共投资对第一、三产业总产值增长误差的解释能力弱于第二产业,但均不显著。为此提出,调整公共投资产业结构,增加农业、科技创新、教育卫生、社会福利等支持力度是促进产业结构调整内在推动力的积极建议。     

Shareholder Value Maximisation,Stock Market and New Technology: Should the US Corporate Model be the Universal Standard? 1

In 1992 a blue‐ribbon group of US economists led by Michael Porter concluded that the US stock market‐based corporate model was misallocating resources and jeopardising US competitiveness. The faster growth of US economy since then and the supposed US lead in the spread of information technology has brought new legitimacy to the stock market and the corporate model, which is being hailed as the universal standard. Two main conclusions of the analysis presented here are: (a) there is no warrant for revising the blue‐ribbon group’s conclusion; and (b) even US corporations let alone developing country ones would be better off not having stock market valuation as a corporate goal.     

GAUGING THE SOURCES OF GROWTH OF HIGH‐TECH AND LOW‐TECH INDUSTRIES: THE CASE OF KOREAN MANUFACTURING*

Literature argues that the source of growth for high‐tech industries emanates from technological progress, while that for low‐tech industries comes from technical efficiency improvement. Also, some empirical studies have shown that technological progress is often accompanied by deterioration in technical efficiency. The focus in this study is to discuss a methodology and test the above two hypotheses with regard to Korean manufacturing data from 1970 to 1997. The study found that the 2.5 per cent average annual rate of technological progress during this period was the major contributor to total factor productivity (TFP) growth in Korean manufacturing whereas technical efficiency grew by a modest 1.1 per cent per annum. The analysis also showed that technological progress was responsible for TFP growth in both high‐tech and low‐tech industries and that both technological progress and technical efficiency improvement co‐existed in the case of Korean manufacturing industries.     

商业模式视角下的小农技术创新采纳

小农技术创新采纳受供需双方相互作用的影响,但目前关于小农技术创新采纳的研究较少考虑供需双方的关系。商业模式可以连接供需双方,所以本文从商业模式的视角出发,采用非概率抽样策略对10家农业技术供应商进行深度访谈,并结合智慧农业、技术创新和商业模式等领域的文献考察农业技术供应商的商业模式,探讨影响小农技术创新采纳的因素。研究结果表明:小农有潜力为以他们为目标客户的农业技术供应商提供宝贵的市场机会;农业技术供应商的价值主张需要兼顾投入和人力资本才能吸引小农;农业技术供应商只能在一定程度上解决小农的问题,因此必须扩大关键合作伙伴关系;农业技术供应商提供完整的产品服务系统会促进小农技术创新采纳。     

农村电子商务对农民收入的影响研究

近年来,电子商务、直播等新型营销形式在产品售卖中扮演着越来越重要的角色,电商平台购物成为了不少地区的主流购买方式。但在偏远少数民族乡村地区,电商等售卖农副产品的形式尚未得到推广,农副产品普遍存在增产不增收的现象。以四川省凉山彝族自治州盐源县宝清村为研究对象,在实地调研基础上,利用多元有序Logistic回归法进行实证分析,发现电子商务售卖形式对宝清村村民的收入存在正向影响。针对宝清村电子商务发展实际情况,提出加快乡村电子商务基础设施建设、优化电子商务人才培养与引进、大力推广电子商务知识及普通话等意见及建议。     

成渝地区双城经济圈建设战略下四川宜宾三江新区产城融合评价指标构建

《成渝地区双城经济圈建设规划纲要》对细化和落实成渝地区双城经济圈发展战略作出了重要指示。为深入贯彻成渝地区双城经济圈发展战略,培育带动四川省经济高质量发展,四川省将宜宾市三江新区确定为四川省首个省级新区。为推进宜宾三江新区产业园区城市化进程,推动三江新区成为成渝地区南部和川滇黔结合部的核心引擎,本研究以宜宾三江新区为研究对象,以产城融合发展为主题搜集原始资料,结合成渝地区双城经济圈建设、宜宾市政府发展政策文本、深度访谈记录等文献资料对产城融合评价指标体系进行完善,并对宜宾三江新区产城融合进行评价,在此基础上提出宜宾三江新区产城融合发展优化路径。