略论烹调师的社会化管理

餐饮业劳动人事制度的改革，将使一大批影响餐饮业发展的技术人员——烹调师进入劳动市场，成为自由流动的劳动者，烹调师的社会化管理便自然成为当前急需研究解决的现实问题。加强烹调师社会化管理必须改变错误观念，强化培训工作；严格技能鉴定管理，科学考评烹调师技能；建立工作经历制度，提高烹调师自我完善的自觉性；成立烹调师组织，发挥烹调师自我管理的作用。     

改进高职高专英语口语教学效果的建议

英语口语是英语学习的重要内容，是衡量英语学习效果的重要标准，是高职高专英语专业必修课。结合高职教学“职业化，实用性”的要求，提高高职高专英语专业学生口语综合运用能力和实践交际能力，应从学习者和教育者两个方面进行突破。     

高校道德教育体系构建浅析

本文试图通过借鉴高校专业教育的模式和体系,建立一套高校德育工作的体系,从而使德育工作者摆脱一直以来充当的消防队和游击队的尴尬身份,真正在学生思想道德的教育中占据主动和引导的地位。     

AutoCAD图形输出为矢量图的方法

AutoCAD图形已被广泛应用于许多领域,根据不同的需要其有多种输出方式,但输出的图形都不能满足国家标准的规定,本文介绍将AutoCAD图形输出为可满足国家标准规定、显示真实线宽和尺寸的TIF格式的矢量图的方法。     

英语作文的评改机制探究

英语作文的评改是英语教学过程中的重要组成部分，评改是写作教学的阶段性的检验、学习。因材施教区别对待，多次评改反馈可以更积极调动学生主动性。     

Pricing by American option by approximating its early exercise boundary as a multipiece exponential function

This article proposes to price an American option by approximatingits early exercise boundary as a multipiece exponential function.Closed form formulas are obtained in terms of the bases andexponents of the multipiece exponential function. It is demonstratedthat a three-point extrapolation scheme has the accuracy ofan 800-time-step binomial tree, but is about 130 times faster.An intuitive argument is given to indicate why this seeminglycrude approximation works so well. Our method is very simpleand easy to implement. Comparisons with other leading competingmethods are also included.     

智能变电站在线监测接入调度系统优化方案

变电在线监测装置的不稳定性要求有大量的装置远程化管控操作,而智能变电站要求在线监测数据直接送往调度主站。针对此现状,提出一种智能站在线监测网络结构优化方法,既满足在线监测装置远程化管控要求,又满足调度主站的数据要求,为智能站改造提供一种新的思路,具有示范推广意义。     

What Drives Security Issuance Decisions: Market Timing,Pecking Order,or Both?

We study market timing and pecking order in a sample of debt and equity issues and share repurchases of Canadian firms from 1998 to 2007. We find that only when firms are not financially constrained is there evidence that firms issue (repurchase) equity when their shares are overvalued (undervalued) and evidence that overvalued issuers earn lower postannouncement long‐run returns. Similarly, we find that only when firms are not overvalued do they prefer debt to equity financing. These findings highlight an interaction between market timing and pecking order effects.     

中国对外贸易运行分析(1999～2009)——指数方法与关系结构

本文设计了一套三大类指数和四层综合指数所构成的中国对外贸易运行指数体系,利用偏最小二乘路径模型对中国1999～2009年来的相关数据进行了计算和分析,对中国十余年来的贸易运行情况进行总体的把握和描述。经贸易运行指数运算表明,中国自加入WTO以来,对外贸易的流量、结构等各方面的水平均有大幅度提高。但是从2008年开始,由于受到国际金融危机的影响,各方面的贸易指数增长开始放缓,到2009年各贸易指数均开始出现不同程度的下降。     

Reject and renegotiate: The Shapley value in multilateral bargaining

This paper investigates three distinctive and intuitive renegotiation bargaining protocols that all yield the Shapley value as the unique subgame perfect equilibrium outcome. These protocols, built on the multi-bidding procedure of Pérez-Castrillo and Wettstein (2001), allow more freedom in multilateral bargaining where rejected players can further negotiate and form coalitions. The self-duality of the Shapley value plays a key role in the second and third results. Moreover, these renegotiation protocols allow an actual play along the equilibrium path to restore the Shapley value in case of a ‘mistake’ made before.