Diamond model for the transfer of world science and technology centres

Since the end of the Middle Ages, Italy, the United Kingdom, France, Germany and the United States, has successively become the world’s science and technology centre. The combination of societal factors, such as economic prosperity, ideological emancipation, education development, and government’s strong support, and timely appearance of scientific achievements, jointly lead to the formation, evolution and transfer of the centre whilst a diamond model composed of these five elements can be utilized to analyse of this process. The innovation of global science and technology has entered an unprecedented period featured by its intensity, providing a perfect "window of opportunity" for China to become a world science and technology centre. It is vital for china to emancipate the mind, improve the personnel system, create an innovation-friendly environment, speed up the establishment of a world education centre, enhance government’s support, solve problems occurring during development, preemptive frontier research and subversive technological innovation.     

磁热按摩理疗仪的制作

分析了利用电子技术产生磁、振、热3种物理因子的方案。选取通用数字芯片,设计、分析了一种针对亚健康人群的磁、振、热理疗仪,通过选择不同的电压档位实现了不同振动强度和磁场强度的按摩与治疗,具有10 min、20 min、30 min、40 min、50 min、60 min 6个时间计时选择档位,最后依据设计原理制作了理疗仪的控制器样机。通过初步实验表明该理疗仪的功能符合设计要求,能很好地满足临床和家庭等多种需求。     

Stochastic convergence in per capita energy consumption and its catch-up rate: evidence from 26 African countries

Using annual data from 1971 to 2014, we examine stochastic conditional convergence in per capita energy consumption for 26 low income, lower middle-income and upper-middle-income African countries. To do so, we use panel unit root tests that allow for cross-sectional dependence and structural breaks as well as the recently developed univariate Residual Augmented Least Squares-Lagrange multiplier (RALS-LM) unit root test with structural breaks. Although for most countries our evidence suggests stochastic conditional convergence, we find divergence for four countries including DR Congo, Senegal, Egypt and Botswana. Consistent with the neoclassical growth models we also examine the catch-up rate between energy consumption levels of African economies and that one of China and investigate its convergence properties. As African economies continue to grow, regional energy consumption disparity narrows, African energy consumption levels will catch up to the ones in China.     

The critical role of the institution-led market in the technological catch-up of emerging market enterprises: evidence from Chinese enterprises

Innovation scholars have, in the past, applied the concept of ‘windows of opportunity’ to study latecomer firms’ catch-up. Previous research treats this concept as three separate aspects, i.e., technological, institutional and market. The role of government was seen as being concerned only with institutional windows of opportunity. However, governments in emerging markets exert influence not only through traditional means of institutional support but, also, via market-driven mechanisms. The former refers to state procurement, resource provision, legislation, and administrative control, whereas the latter is concerned with demand creation, resource allocation, and the regulation of market orders. This multifaceted nature of government in promoting economic growth, guiding technological development, and influencing enterprise behavior remains under-researched. Yet, it plays a crucial role in the catch-up of emerging market enterprises. Therefore, based on innovation studies literature and an institution-based view of international business, the present research proposes a new construct, termed the institution-led market, with the aim to encapsulate the complex role of government in the catch-up of emerging market enterprises. The institution-led market is defined as a unique type of market that is well-timed and strategically created by the government and supported by institutional policies and resources. A large database of 259 Chinese firms in 37 industries was created and analyzed using a hierarchical logistic model to empirically test the relationship between the institution-led market and technological catch-up of emerging market enterprises. We demonstrate that the institution-led market positively affects the catch-up of emerging market enterprises; furthermore, it significantly moderates the effect of technological discontinuity on the catch-up. Finally, the theoretical contributions and managerial implications of the present research are discussed.     

组织心理惯性对企业破坏性创新的影响

组织心理惯性被认为对企业破坏性创新具有抑制作用，但其作用机理尚未得到充分阐释。基于组织心理和权变视角，利用316份中国制造企业问卷调查数据，实证研究组织心理惯性对企业破坏性创新的作用机制。结果发现，组织心理惯性负向影响企业自我替代能力和破坏性创新;自我替代能力正向影响企业破坏性创新，并在组织心理惯性和企业破坏性创新之间的关系中发挥部分中介作用;环境动荡性负向调节组织心理惯性与破坏性创新之间的关系。     

供应链金融能否提升企业创新水平?

现有关于供应链金融的研究在某种程度上割裂了其金融属性与供应链属性的有机统一,同时也缺少对核心企业这一关键参与方的关注,特别是供应链金融与核心企业创新之间的关系并没有受到应有的重视.为此,文章基于2010-2017年A股非金融类上市公司样本,实证研究供应链金融对核心企业创新的影响,并基于融资效应假说和关系效应假说验证其内在作用机理,同时还检验了不同的供应链金融开展方向和供应链金融能力对创新提升的差异影响,以及技术创新水平提升后的经济后果.研究发现:供应链金融能够显著提升核心企业的技术创新水平,同时面向上下游企业开展双向供应链金融和具有高供应链金融能力的公司,供应链金融的创新提升效应更强.进一步的机制检验发现,供应链金融对技术创新的提升作用在高融资约束组和低供应链关系组中更显著,而在低融资约束组和高供应链关系组中不显著.这支持了供应链金融激发创新的融资效应假说和关系效应假说.经济后果检验发现,供应链金融有利于创新产出的产品市场竞争力提升和企业价值增殖,同时也能提高供应链绩效.文章拓展了供应链金融经济后果的研究边界,也丰富了创新的影响因素研究,为供应链金融如何服务实体经济高质量发展提供了新的证据和思路.     

An empirical test of replacement costs of turnover using human capital corporate panel in Korea

Scholars have devoted considerable attention to the role of turnover in influencing organizational resource allocation. Because research that addresses employee turnover based on longitudinal data remains relatively limited, the impact of employee turnover in a given time period on future turnover, as well as replacement costs, requires further explanation. This study uses the turnover–replacement cost mechanism to empirically test panel data from 224 South Korean firms between 2005 and 2015 (T1–T6). The findings indicate that the relationship between turnover and replacement costs gradually recovered following the global financial crisis and that the carryover effects have been dynamic over time. Although we found no significant effects that confirm the dynamics in our model, our findings suggest that firms must identify unstable dynamics and patterns to address future economic uncertainty. Finally, a comparison of our model to models without control variables reveals similarities and differences between the two control variables (i.e. firm size and type of industry).     

哈尔滨市丁香辛香香韵的资源利用

丁香花是木犀科(Oleaceae)丁香属(Syringa)植物的花朵,是哈尔滨市的市花.丁香属植物的挥发性化合物主要含有丁香酚、丁香醇异构体、丁香醛异构体等作为丁香辛香香韵的特征成分,丁香酚的嗅香特征味辛香,似丁香香气,烟熏香,甜香.丁香辛香香韵成分具有多种利用功能,具有作为抗菌剂、解热剂和抗病毒剂的潜在药用价值,是作...     

资产收益波动率测量方法综述

波动性研究作为金融市场的基础议题之一,已经渗透到整个现代金融理论体系.波动性的测量是资产定价、组合管理和交易策略的关键点.多年来,学者们对波动率测量方法进行了大量研究,取得了相关的重大成果.本文较为详尽地阐述了波动率测量方法的发展进程,包括相关模型形式的扩展,并比较了各种方法的不足和优点,尤其介绍了国外学者在波动率测量方法上的最新成果.