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41.
Monique Goyens 《Journal of Consumer Policy》1993,16(3-4):375-386
This contribution is focused on the gaps which exist between regulation and its practical effects. It does refer to the possible implications of the Maastricht Treaty on future EC consumer policy but is not at all limited to this aspect of the issue. The goal is rather to shed some light on the practical difficulties encountered by consumer representatives in the adoption of EC consumer policy initiatives, in contrast to the more theoretical approach adopted by some other contributors to this issue. It also refers to some of the positive developments which have taken place, as a response to consumer activism, within the EC.
All opinions expressed in this article are personal and do not commit BEUC. 相似文献
Wo ein Wille ist, ist auch ein Weg! Eine Meinung aus der Praxis
Zusammenfassung Der Beitrag befa\t sich mit der Lücke, die zwischen Absichten der Regulierung und ihren praktischen Auswirkungen besteht. Er bezieht sich zwar auf die möglichen Implikationen des Vertrages von Maastricht für die künftige Verbraucherpolitik der Gemeinschaft, ist aber keineswegs auf diesen Aspekt beschränkt. Vielmehr werden die praktischen Schwierigkeiten beleuchtet, denen sich Verbraucherrepräsentanten bei der übernahme von verbraucherpolitischen Initiativen der Gemeinschaft gegenübersehen — ein Blickwinkel, der sich von den eher theoretischen Perspektiven mancher anderer Beiträge zu diesem Heft unterscheidet. Behandelt werden auch einige positive Entwicklungen, die als Antwort auf Konsumentenaktivitäten innerhalb der Europäischen Gemeinschaft stattgefunden haben.
All opinions expressed in this article are personal and do not commit BEUC. 相似文献
42.
游离在非物质文化遗产制度保护之外的锡伯族贝伦舞艺人,在建构社会身份的过程中陷入了"生存危机"与"精神归属"的双重困惑.本文以社会结构理论为依托,通过分析贝伦舞民间艺人在不同场域中的角色地位与话语权利,重塑贝伦舞艺人的身份认同和构建,旨在剖析其行为模式与贝伦舞传承之间的关系,以此促进贝伦舞艺术的长远发展. 相似文献
43.
In this paper, we prove a new version of the Second Welfare Theorem for economies with a finite number of agents and an infinite number of commodities, when the preference correspondences are not convex-valued and/or when the total production set is not convex. For this kind of nonconvex economies, a recent result, obtained by one of the authors, introduces conditions which, when applied to the convex case, give for Banach commodity spaces the well-known result of decentralization by continuous prices of Pareto-optimal allocations under an interiority condition. In this paper, in order to prove a different version of the Second Welfare Theorem, we reinforce the conditions on the commodity space, assumed here to be a Banach lattice, and introduce a nonconvex version of the properness assumptions on preferences and the total production set. Applied to the convex case, our result becomes the usual Second Welfare Theorem when properness assumptions replace the interiority condition. The proof uses a Hahn-Banach Theorem generalization by Borwein and Jofré (in Joper Res Appl Math 48:169–180, 1997) which allows to separate nonconvex sets in general Banach spacesThis work was partially supported by Nucleo Complex Engineering System. The successive versions of the paper were partly prepared during visits of Alejandro Jofré to CERMSEM and of Monique Florenzano and Pascal Gourdel to the Centro de Modelamiento Matematico. The hospitality of both institutions and the support of the french Coopération régionale Cone Sud are gratefully aknowledged. The authors thank Ali Khan for stimulating exchange of ideas and literature, Roko Aliprantis, Jean-Marc Bonnisseau, Alain Chateauneuf, Roger Guesnerie, Filipe Martins Da Rocha, Moncef Meddeb, B. Mordukovich, Lionel Thibault and Rabee Tourky for valuable discussions 相似文献
44.
Summary. In this paper, we first give a direct proof of the existence of Edgeworth equilibria for exchange economies with consumption sets which are (possibly) unbounded below. The key assumption is that the individually rational utility set is compact. It is worth noticing that the statement of this result and its proof do not depend on the dimension or the particular structure of the commodity space. In a second part of the paper, we give conditions under which Edgeworth allocations can be decentralized by continuous prices in a finite dimensional and in an infinite dimensional setting. We then show how these results apply to some finance models.Received: 15 April 2002, Revised: 25 February 2003, JEL Classification Numbers:
C62, D58, G12. Correspondence to: Monique FlorenzanoThis paper was presented at seminars of the Economic Departments of Brown University, The Johns Hopkins University, The University of Alabama, Purdue University and at the Centro de Modelamiento Matematico de la Universidad de Chile at Santiago. The paper has benefitted of the comments of these diverse audiences. Part of this work was done while the authors were visiting respectively Brown University and the Centro de Modelamiento Matematico. We thank them for their hospitality. 相似文献
45.
Anna?Aksamit Tahir?ChoulliEmail author Jun?Deng Monique?Jeanblanc 《Finance and Stochastics》2018,22(1):127-159
This paper quantifies the interplay between the no-arbitrage notion of no unbounded profit with bounded risk (NUPBR) and additional progressive information generated by a random time. This study complements the one of Aksamit et al. (Finance Stoch. 21:1103–1139, 2017) in which the authors have studied similar topics for the model stopped at the random time, while here we deal with the question of what happens after the random time. Given that the existing literature proves that NUPBR is always violated after honest times that avoid stopping times in a continuous filtration, we propose here a new class of honest times for which NUPBR can be preserved for some models. For these honest times, we obtain two principal results. The first result characterizes the pairs of initial market and honest time for which the resulting model preserves NUPBR, while the second result characterizes honest times that do not affect NUPBR of any quasi-left-continuous model (i.e., in which the asset price process has no predictable jump times). Furthermore, we construct explicitly local martingale deflators for a large class of models. 相似文献
46.
Áine Regan Monique Raats Liran Christine Shan Patrick G. Wall Áine McConnon 《Journal of Risk Research》2016,19(1):119-133
Social media is a particular communication platform which has witnessed an exponential growth in use and influence in recent years, democratising the communication process, and offering risk communicators a way of putting into practice those principles which are advocated to be at the core of risk management and communication. However, little is known about stakeholders’ willingness to embrace this new form of communication in a food crisis. The current study presented an exploratory investigation of the opinions of Irish stakeholders on the position of risk communication in a crisis, with a particular focus on understanding what application social media may have. In-depth one-to-one interviews were carried out with key stakeholders holding frontline positions in managing and communicating about risk in the food sector in Ireland. The stakeholders identified risk communication as a central activity in a food safety crisis, driven by an obligation to protect both consumer health and the reputation of the Irish food sector. Stakeholders relied primarily on risk communication to disseminate information in a crisis so to educate and inform the public on a risk and to prevent confusion and alarmism; most did not explicitly value two-way risk communication in a crisis. The ability to effectively manage future crises may depend on stakeholders’ willingness to adapt to the changing communication landscape, namely – their willingness to adopt social media and use it effectively. The findings indicate that the stakeholders interviewed are appreciative of the need to engage with social media in times of a food safety crisis. However, most valued social media as a one-way channel to help spread a message and there was little reference to the interactive nature of this medium. Implications for integrating social media into crisis risk communication strategies are discussed. 相似文献
47.
In this paper we estimate the impact of parental schooling on child schooling, focus on the problem that children who are still in school constitute censored observations, and evaluate three solutions to it: replacement of observed with expected years of schooling, maximum likelihood approach, and elimination of all school‐aged children. Using intergenerational data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study we test how the three correction methods deal with censored observations. The one that treats parental expectations as if they were realizations seems to fix the censoring problem quite well. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
48.
This study examined how employees perceive intended strategic goals and HRM at the ward level, and if these perceptions generate the desired effects. The qualitative part of the research reveals that the hospital pursues two strategic goals (i.e. quality and safety). Analysis of the questionnaire data (N = 576 respondents; 59 wards) shows that both climate dimensions could be distinguished. Results showed that the perceived HR system does have a significant influence on both climate dimensions, suggesting that the overall message of the HR system is important for creating strategic climates. Furthermore, the climate for quality partially mediated the relationship between the perceived HR system and commitment. 相似文献
49.
P. Monique Valcour Pamela Tolbert 《International Journal of Human Resource Management》2013,24(5):768-787
Changes in patterns of long-term employment make understanding the determinants of different career forms increasingly important to careers research. At the same time, the rise of dual-earner families demands greater attention to the ways in which gender and family characteristics shape careers than has been paid by traditional research. This paper addresses these issues, examining the determinants and consequences of intra-organizational and inter-organizational mobility, using a sample of employees from dual-earner couples. We find significant gender differences in these different types of career mobility, and in the effect of family relations on different forms of mobility. Women experience more inter-organizational mobility, while men experience more intraorganizational mobility. Having more children positively influences men's intra-organizational mobility, but increases inter-organizational mobility for women. Marital instability increases intra-organizational mobility among women, but has no effect among men. Each form of mobility has distinctive effects on objective and subjective indicators of career success for both men and women. Moving between organizations tends to depress earnings, but has no effect on how successful people feel in their careers. Job changes within an organization increase earnings, but have a negative effect on perceived success. 相似文献
50.
Abstract While intellectual property rights (IPRs) are the key drivers of economic performance in R&D based growth models, they have not been fully explored in empirical development studies. We introduce IPRs to this literature, using Two‐Stage Least Squares Bayesian Model Averaging to address endogeneity and model uncertainty at the instrument and income stages. We show that IPRs exert effects similar to ‘Rule of Law’ and therefore provide robust evidence that both physical and intellectual property rights are crucial development determinants. We document that unenforced IPRs exert no effect on development. Instead, it is the level of enforced IPRs that causes development. 相似文献