THE CHANGING GOVERNANCE OF KNOWLEDGE IN AVIONICS

Abstract

Taking in hand the two sides (i.e. cognitive and risk-bearing) of authority in design and production in complex tasks, this paper aims to give a first look at shifts in the locus of authority in the aviation electronics—or avionics—industry. Relying on patent and joint ventures data, we attempt to trace the evolution of problem-solving ‘authority’ over the evolution of the industry, using an empirical approach which can then be used to explore similar trends in other industries. We find that while it is still too early to say whether we are observing a wholesale shift of ‘authority’ from aircraft makers to avionics producers, it is clear that the leading avionics producers are challenging their clients in taking the role of systems integrators. We can speculate that we may be observing the beginning of a ‘market for technology’. At the very least, we are observing an increasing distribution of both problem-solving authority and risk in this industry.     

The Adoption and Diffusion of an Accounting Innovation

This article is based on American experience. The legal references are American. The American spelling of ‘installment’ with two 1s is preferred by the authms. The bracketed numbers in the footnotes refer to items in the Bibliography given at the end of the article.     

The effects of pleasure and arousal on recall of advertisements during the Super Bowl

This study investigates whether pleasure and arousal levels of viewers watching a sports program affect advertisement recall. The results suggest that programs that evoke strong emotional reactions, such as the Super Bowl, may inhibit the recall of advertisements and brands. Specifically, these findings seem to support the Intensity (arousal) theory and may have important implications for advertisers who promote their products or services on sports‐related event programming. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

A stronger version of Gautschi's inequality satisfied by the gamma function

Abstract

Let X be a random variable defined on a probability space, and E denote the expectation operator.     

Scenario simulation of the demographic dynamics: The case of Volgograd oblast

This paper presents the results of scenario calculations of the demographic dynamics in Volgograd oblast up to 2050. The calculations were made by simulating the dependence of the gender and age structure of the population on the birth and death rates and the migration increment. The dynamics of the shares of the productive-age population, children, and pensioners, as well as of the coefficients of the dependency ratio according to the chosen scenario, are presented.     

Reviews in Brief-C.H.M …

This study suggests various theoretical and practical promotional implications based upon empirical tests of reference group influence. The authors examine the role of reference groups and promotional appeals in satisfying consumer motivations. Three motivational reference group functions are emphasized: informational, utilitarian, and value-expressive.     

The Relative Importance of Various Promotional Elements in Different Industrial Purchase Situations

Most advertisers perceive the views of economists on advertising as generally negative. This study attempts to determine how the role of advertising in the economic system is treated in basic economic textbooks. The assumption is that the materials presented in these introductory texts are reflective of the discipline's fundamental commonalities. The results derived from conducting a content analysis of non value laden issues indicate that most authors provide readers a balanced treatment of advertising. However, when assessed in terms of comprehensiveness and completeness, the majority of the surveyed texts fall short. These results hold out a number of implications for advertisers and economists alike and present several opportunities for further research.     

Antecedents of Taiwan Chinese Consumers’ Purchase Intentions Toward U.S.- and Japanese-Made Household Appliances

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this article is to understand the factors influencing Taiwan's Chinese consumers’ purchase intentions toward U.S. and Japanese household appliances. The authors attempt to develop and test a comprehensive model linking such purchase intentions to several constructs including Taiwan Chinese consumers’ openness to foreign cultures, consumer nationalism, product familiarity, traditional cultural values orientation, and product-country image. The result of analysis using structural equation modeling shows that consumer nationalism has a strong indirect effect on purchase intention via the product-country image construct. Taiwan Chinese consumers’ traditional cultural values orientation and openness to foreign cultures have direct effects on consumer nationalism and, hence, are important antecedents in explaining the purchase intentions toward foreign-made goods by Taiwan Chinese consumers. With the growing importance of the Chinese domestic market, this study provides international marketing managers with practical implications in important areas such as market segmentation, branding strategy, and market research and practices in the Chinese consumer market.     

“Made in Country” Versus “Made in County”: Effects of Local Manufacturing Origins on Price Perceptions

Consumers often use an array of extrinsic and intrinsic attributes to infer product quality and to assess monetary sacrifice. However, literature reveals little about how and if consumers would use information on product's manufacturing origins differently if it was national rather than local. In two studies, the role played by uncertainty in judgments of the quality of locally made products is examined. It is shown that when consumers are motivated to process information and quality ratings are high, local identity effects are elicited and monetary sacrifice perceptions are diminished. These results suggest that favorable quality ratings need to be prominently featured when promoting locally made products, and that locally made products are preferred to national ones only when quality is not a concern.     

Dual channels of distribution: a transaction cost analysis and propositions

The existence of dual or multiple channels of distribution consisting of independent distributors in combination with producer-owned distribution channels has been documented by several researchers, and some of them find indications that dual or multiple channels of distribution are likely to become more widespread in the future. This article briefly reviews the empirical studies on and theorizing about dual channels of distribution. Then mainstream transaction cost theory is explained and used to advance eleven propositions delimiting when dual channels of distribution are efficient. Most of the propositions are explained by differences in transaction-specific investments, uncertainty, transaction frequency and the institutional environment. The rest of the propositions are based on synergistic explanations such as dual systems induce competition, they result in higher powered incentives, and they provide better information.