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151.
Mark P. Connolly Christine L. Baker Nikolaos Kotsopoulos 《Journal of medical economics》2018,21(6):571-576
Background and aims: Smoking gives rise to many cross-sectorial public costs and benefits for government. Costs arise from increased healthcare spending and work-related social benefits, while smoking itself provides significant revenue for government from tobacco taxes. To better understand the public economic impact of smoking and smoking cessation therapies, this study developed a government perspective framework for assessing smoking-attributable morbidity and mortality and associated public costs. This framework includes changes in lifetime tax revenue and health costs, as well as changes in tobacco tax revenue, from fewer smokers.Methods: A modified generational accounting framework was developed to assess relationships between smoking-attributable morbidity and mortality and public economic consequences of smoking, including lifetime tax revenue gains/losses, government social transfers, and health spending. Based on the current prevalence of smoking in South Korean males, a cohort model was developed for smokers, former-smokers, and never-smokers. The model simulated the lifetime discounted fiscal transfers for different age cohorts in 5 year age bands, and the return on investment (ROI) from smoking cessation therapy.Results: Former smokers are estimated to generate higher lifetime earnings and direct tax revenues and lower lifetime healthcare costs due to the reduction of smoking-attributable mortality and morbidity compared to smokers, even after accounting for reduced tobacco taxes paid. Based on the costs of public investments in varenicline, this study estimated a ROI from 1.4–1.7, depending on treatment age, with higher ROI in younger cohorts, with an average ROI of 1.6 for those aged less than 65.Conclusions: This analysis suggests that reductions in smoking can generate positive public economic benefits for government, even after accounting for lost tobacco tax revenues. The results described here are likely applicable to countries having similar underlying smoking prevalence, comparable taxation rates, and social benefit protection provided to individuals with smoking-related conditions. 相似文献
152.
Enrique?Fatás Nikolaos?GeorgantzísEmail author Juan?A.?Má?ez Gerardo?Sabater-Grande 《Review of Industrial Organization》2005,26(1):115-136
We report experimental results on duopoly pricing with and without price beating guarantees (PBG). In two control treatments, price beating is either imposed as an industry-wide rule or offered as a business strategy. Our major finding is that when price beating guarantees are imposed as a rule or offered as an option, effective prices are equal to or lower than those in a baseline treatment in which price beating is forbidden. Also, when price beating is treated as a business strategy, less than 50% of subjects adopted the guarantee, suggesting that, subjects realize the pro-competitive effects of the guarantee.
JEL Classifications: C91, L11.This revised version was published online in April 2005 with corrections to one of the authors name and to the page numbering. 相似文献
153.
154.
Foreign Direct Investment and Exports with Growing Demand 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
We explore entry into a foreign market with uncertain demand growth. A multinational can serve the foreign demand by two modes, or by a combination thereof: it can export its products, or it can create productive capacity via foreign direct investment (FDI). The advantage of FDI is that it allows for lower marginal cost than exporting does. The disadvantage is that FDI is irreversible and, hence, entails the risk of creating under-utilized capacity in the case that the market turns out to be small. The presence of demand uncertainty and irreversibility gives rise to an interior solution, where the multinational, under certain conditions, both exports its products and does FDI. 相似文献
155.
156.
Christos Kollias Nikolaos Mylonidis Suzanna-Maria Paleologou 《International Review of Economics & Finance》2008,17(3):380-387
This paper addresses the saving-investment (SI) correlation for the EU15 member countries, using the ARDL approach and panel regressions. If we accept the Feldstein–Horioka [Feldstein, M. and C. Horioka, 1980, Domestic saving and international capital flows, Economic Journal 90, 314–329.] interpretation of the SI correlation, the evidence from the ARDL approach does not point to any particular direction in terms of country size, or level of development, or economic and capital market structure. Panel regressions yield an SI coefficient in the range of 0.148–0.157. This finding is attributed to higher capital mobility, lower transaction costs in the international capital markets, and the declining status of long-run current account targeting as a primary government objective. 相似文献
157.
Danchev Svetoslav Paratsiokas Nikos Vettas Nikolaos 《Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade》2022,22(1):51-67
Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade - Greece implemented an extensive privatization program in the past decade, which included the concession of 14 regional airports for a period of... 相似文献
158.
Bermpei Theodora Kalyvas Antonios Nikolaos Neri Lorenzo Russo Antonella 《Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting》2022,58(2):795-845
Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting - We examine the effect of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) on the financial reporting quality of US firms over 1999–2015. We use accruals-based... 相似文献
159.
John S. Heywood John G. Sessions Nikolaos Theodoropoulos 《Bulletin of economic research》2023,75(4):935-943
We examine the relationship between firm-sponsored training and product quality competition within a model of worker–firm bargaining. We develop a quality-adjusted monopolistically competitive setting in which firms invest in training to an extent that reflects: (i) the costs of training, (ii) the extent to which training increases product quality, and (iii) the extent to which product quality increases final product demand. We identify the conditions under which greater sensitivity between product demand and quality results in greater firm-sponsored training. 相似文献