韩国新村运动对中国农村发展的启示

本文认为,韩国新村运动对中国农村发展有着重要的启示:一是要鼓励村民积极参与到农村发展项目的执行中来;二是村庄之间为了获取发展项目应展开竞争;三是项目管理中要允许适当的分权行为;四是要认识到非经济激励的重要性;五是应发挥村级中介组织的作用.     

Macroeconomic shocks and stock market returns: the case of Korea

This study examines the effects of macroeconomic shocks on key macro variables, including stock market returns in Korea, using the structural vector autoregression (SVAR) model. We suggest a three-variable SVAR model incorporating inflation, output growth and stock returns. We adopt a nonzero z-ratio restriction for the long-run identifying assumption to allow for economically meaningful relationships among variables. While our results support the negative (positive) relation of demand (supply) shocks to stock returns, we also find that demand shocks influence stock market variance more significantly than supply shocks do. The sub-period analysis finds that global market fluctuations during the global financial crisis have relatively little effect on Korean stock market performance. We also examine a generalized five-variable model that includes the foreign exchange rate and interest rate, confirming the results from the three-variable case.     

大学集群竞争优势及其形成机制研究

大学集群是在地理上靠近、在组织上邻近的异质性知识网络组织。大学集群是经济竞争优势和知识竞争优势的结合体,知识创新、人才培养和外溢优势是大学集群与产业集群的区别所在。大学集群的竞争优势来源于集群内的资源共享、交流和整合,由于大学集群资源产权属性的差异,大学集群资源的整合呈现出以交易型缔约交易为主、多种交易类型并存的格局。不同交易类型对治理机制依赖性的不同,造成大学集群竞争优势的形成表现出明显的阶段性。     

Social support timing and persistence in nascent entrepreneurship: exploring when instrumental and emotional support is most effective

This paper investigates how the timing of social support, both emotional and instrumental support, affects entrepreneurial persistence of nascent entrepreneurs. Drawing on social support theory, we hypothesize that the effectiveness of support depends on when, during the venture development process (number of gestation activities completed), it is provided. We also propose that the impact of social support depends on when during the entrepreneur’s life stage (age) that support is made available. Testing our hypotheses using a longitudinal dataset of nascent entrepreneurs, we find that emotional support is most relevant earlier on during venture development, while instrumental support is most relevant for entrepreneurs who begin their businesses in earlier life stages.     

Unequal effects of elders’ health problems on wealth depletion across race and ethnicity

We investigate the impact of health on wealth depletion of African American, Hispanic, and non‐Hispanic white elders. Using the data from 4,464 elderly households that participated in both the 1993 Asset and Health Dynamics of the Oldest Old and the 1998 Health and Retirement Study, we find that health problems contribute to wealth depletion differently across elders in different racial and ethnic groups. We draw policy implications from the findings regarding ways to help consumers protect their financial security from health shocks in later life.     

A promotion mix budgeting model for retailing

Our two-equation model of retail promotion provides a well-balanced explanation of both retailers' perceptions of promotion tools and their budget allocation across the promotion mix. While previous studies have examined each of these two components separately, few have integrated both in the one study. Factor analysis was used to simplify the choices of promotion tools. This reduced the number of promotion tools to four, namely mass media, in-store promotion, sales promotion/direct mail and personal selling. We support earlier studies which link budget promotion mix spending (behaviour) to perceptions about the effectiveness of each medium (attitude). The range of determinants of perceptions has been extended by incorporating the roles of retail strategy, store ownership, culture and promotion intensity. We have estimated the budget promotion mix equation using a production function theoretical framework. Although this makes little difference to the strong relationship between retailers' perceptions of promotion tools and budget allocations, the theoretical framework does enable formal estimation of cross-media substitution. We find that the two short-term oriented promotion media are substitutes. Our model has been applied to apparel retailing in Australia, with considerable scope for applications to other retail categories and to other countries.     

多元交互式高职高专旅游管理专业实训指导教师队伍建设探索

文章总结分析了高职高专旅游管理专业现行实训教师队伍建设存在问题与薄弱环节,借鉴国内外职业教师队伍建设的成功经验,探索基于校企深度合作的＂师资结构多元、培养方式多样、工学交替互动、教做能力齐抓＂的多元化、交互式培养的高职高专旅游管理专业实训指导教师队伍建设创新之路。     

“生态习得外语”模式的理论探索

"生态习得外语"模式通过交换"分别操对方目的语的语言专业生"获取"语言习得"所需要素间的最和谐的"生态运作",具有生态的目的语环境、自然的习得手段、生态的课堂及和谐生态特征而获名"生态习得",从而使外语学习接近"母语习得"。     

When does an employee not help coworkers? The effect of leader–member exchange on employee envy and organizational citizenship behavior

Using a sample of 233 front-line hotel employees, we examined leader–member exchange (LMX), envy, and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). The results from path analysis support the research model that employees who have a relatively poor working relationship with their supervisor (i.e., low-quality LMX relationship) were more likely to show higher levels of envy than employees who have relatively closer working relationships with the same supervisor (i.e., high-quality LMX relationship). Ultimately, higher levels of envy decreased employee voluntary helping behavior (i.e., organizational citizenship behavior, OCB) toward coworkers. This finding suggests that employees perceiving a poor working relationship with their supervisor committed less voluntary helping behavior toward coworkers than their counterparts. Implications for managers and suggestions for future research are discussed.