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991.
Peter A. Heslin 《Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources》1999,37(1):52-64
Countless articles have urged managers to empower their staff, yet, few provide concrete suggestions about how to prepare staff for a more challenging role. Social cognitive theory (Bandura, 1986, 1997) has identified the three main sources of self-efficacy, which is a person's belief that they can proficiently achieve their objectives. Based upon recent research, this paper proposes a model of practical actions that managers can undertake in order to boost the performance of their staff by raising their self-efficacy. These actions are coaching, participation, demonstration, mentoring, stimulation and providing rewards. In order to assist managers to develop their skill at applying these initiatives in a manner that will boost staff self-efficacy, a corresponding behavioural self-assessment is provided. 相似文献
992.
Summary The Neyman-Pearson Lemma describes a test for two simple hypotheses that, for a given sample size, is most powerful for its level. It is usually implemented by choosing the smallest sample size that achieves a prespecified power for a fixed level. The Lemma does not describe how to select either the level or the power of the test. In the usual Wald decision-theoretic structure there exists a sampling cost function, an initial prior over the hypothesis space and various payoffs to right/wrong hypothesis selections. The optimal Wald test is a Bayes decision rule that maximizes the expected payoff net of sampling costs. This paper shows that the Wald-optimal test and the Neyman-Pearson test can be the same and how the Neyman-Pearson test, with fixed level and power, can be viewed as a Wald test subject to restrictions on the payoff vector, cost function and prior distribution. 相似文献
993.
Peter Zweifel 《Economic Affairs》2020,40(3):395-405
Many observers have been puzzled by the sight of otherwise freedom-loving citizens consenting to the stripping of their civil rights and the massive budgetary expansion of their governments in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Conversely, governments who ‘kept their cool’ such as those of Brazil and Sweden were heavily criticised by the Western media. Adopting James Buchanan's contractarian approach, this article seeks to model how the interplay between citizens and their government is affected by a health crisis. Citizens' increased willingness to pay for improved control of risks is found to play a major role. 相似文献
994.
Kevin B. Lowe John Milliman Helen De Cieri Peter J. Dowling 《Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources》2002,40(1):55-80
This article presents a comparative study of compensation, by exploring nine items which measure pay and benefits practices in ten locations (nine countries and one region). First, similarities and differences in employee compensation are examined. Second, emerging issues for international compensation are identified. Third, gaps are identified between current practice and employee preferences for future compensation. Overall, the results of this study provide some support for previous research, although a number of counterintuitive findings are identified with respect to the ways in which culture might be expected to impact employee preferences for cross‐cultural compensation practices. The research suggests several challenges for compensation practice and directions for future research. 相似文献
995.
To answer the question, two approaches have been adopted: a series of interviews with insurance brokers and a Big Six audit partner, and an economic analysis of the factors limiting insurability as it applies to the audit services market. The results of the interviews suggest that there is a two-tier market, with the larger audit firms receiving only partial insurance cover for particular bands of risk and a second tier for which the audit firms can receive effectively full insurance. There are four main problems for insurers dealing with auditor liability: (i) constructing probabilities for particular levels of damages, because of the relative infrequency of occurrence of major payouts for auditor liability; (ii) the impact of uncontrollable moral hazard, in particular effort discouragement and distribution distortion hazards; (iii) unverifiable adverse selection; and (iv) assessing the size of the damages that might be awarded, because of unpredictable changes within the legal framework. 相似文献
996.
Alhajie Saidy Khan Peter Ackers 《International Journal of Human Resource Management》2013,24(7):1330-1353
This paper discusses the 'social' nature of employment management problems in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). 'Applied' Western HRM is largely based on unitarist conceptions of organizational reality. Where conceptions suggest a 'stakeholder' perspective, they tend to follow orthodox formulations of pluralism. In that regard, notions of 'stakeholding' refer to the divergent internal organizational interests (mainly economic) of labour and management. In the SSA context, however, the broader social and moral issues of the wider community have a decisive influence on the employment relationship. And internal employment relations structures, such as trade unions, do not constitute the main representative channels for employee grievances. Consequently, established Western employment frames of reference do not represent suitable theoretical frameworks for analysing all the relevant social factors that influence the SSA employment relationship. This paper proposes a modified version of Ackers' (2002) 'neo-pluralist' theoretical framework as the basis for understanding and resolving some of issues involved in HRM in SSA. From this analysis, it proposes a model of HRM that attempts to institutionalize some elements of the 'African social system' into formal HRM policies and strategies. 相似文献
997.
998.
Peter T. Leeson 《The Review of Austrian Economics》2012,25(4):355-357
In a comment on my paper, ??An Austrian approach to law and economics, with special reference to superstition?? (Leeson 2012), Marciano contends that Posnerian foundations ??may be problematic for an Austrian approach to law and economics??. In this reply I argue that the differences between Posner and Austrians that Marciano uses as the basis for his contention are normative. If, as Austrians claim, Austrian economics is purely positive, those differences are irrelevant to the appropriate foundations for an Austrian law and economics. They pose no problem for a Posnerian founding. 相似文献
999.
During the 1980s, rising income inequality in the UK resulted partly from market conditions, and partly from supply-side policies that reduced social security benefits and income supports for low-wage earners. Greater Inequality, plus low levels of investment spending (relative to consumption)hinder the ability of demand management to raise the level of output and employment in the UK economy. Higher income earners have higher import propensities. Consequently, at any stage of the economic cycle, the trade dificit is now larger than it was before 1980. Increases in demand leak into a demand for imports, further reducing the incentive to invest. The paper argues for lower interest rates to encourage investment, and a fiscal policy that redistributes income towards those with lower incomes to solve these problems. 相似文献
1000.