全文获取类型
收费全文 | 19123篇 |
免费 | 140篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 2958篇 |
工业经济 | 842篇 |
计划管理 | 3086篇 |
经济学 | 4630篇 |
综合类 | 488篇 |
运输经济 | 79篇 |
旅游经济 | 76篇 |
贸易经济 | 4961篇 |
农业经济 | 93篇 |
经济概况 | 1433篇 |
信息产业经济 | 44篇 |
邮电经济 | 573篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 60篇 |
2022年 | 47篇 |
2021年 | 55篇 |
2020年 | 112篇 |
2019年 | 126篇 |
2018年 | 2447篇 |
2017年 | 2262篇 |
2016年 | 1362篇 |
2015年 | 195篇 |
2014年 | 229篇 |
2013年 | 649篇 |
2012年 | 563篇 |
2011年 | 2003篇 |
2010年 | 1915篇 |
2009年 | 1591篇 |
2008年 | 1557篇 |
2007年 | 1904篇 |
2006年 | 117篇 |
2005年 | 427篇 |
2004年 | 495篇 |
2003年 | 572篇 |
2002年 | 274篇 |
2001年 | 85篇 |
2000年 | 71篇 |
1999年 | 13篇 |
1998年 | 21篇 |
1997年 | 12篇 |
1996年 | 14篇 |
1995年 | 10篇 |
1994年 | 2篇 |
1993年 | 7篇 |
1992年 | 5篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 13篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1969年 | 2篇 |
1938年 | 2篇 |
1937年 | 1篇 |
1935年 | 1篇 |
1934年 | 1篇 |
1933年 | 2篇 |
1932年 | 1篇 |
1931年 | 2篇 |
1930年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
991.
Non-convex Technologies and Cost Functions: Definitions,Duality and Nonparametric Tests of Convexity 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Walter?Briec Kristiaan?KerstensEmail author Philippe Venden?Eeckaut 《Journal of Economics》2004,81(2):155-192
This contribution is the first systematic attempt to develop a series of nonparametric, deterministic technologies and cost
functions without maintaining convexity. Specifically, we introduce returns to scale assumptions into an existing non-convex
technology and, dual to these technologies, define non-convex cost functions that are never lower than their convex counterparts.
Both non-convex technologies and cost functions (total, ray-average and marginal) are characterized by closed form expressions.
Furthermore, a local duality result is established between a local cost function and the input distance function. Finally,
nonparametric goodness-of-fit tests for convexity are developed as a first step towards making it a statistically testable
hypothesis.
An erratum to this article is available at . 相似文献
992.
993.
Theoretical perspectives on strategic environmental management 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Don Goldstein 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2002,12(5):495-524
Strategic Environmental Management (SEM) incorporates into firms' core strategies the transformation of products and processes
that they believe an environmentally concerned society will increasingly demand. Significant threads have to do with the discovery
of cost savings and market opportunities from reducing environmental impacts. SEM, like the environmental regulation hypothesis
associated with Michael Porter, implies that society's efforts to reduce external environmental costs often lead to identification
of hitherto-ignored or undeveloped profit possibilities. This would be surprising from the standpoint of neoclassical economic
theory, to the extent that SEM utilizes available information about the potential costs and benefits of projects. Within the
framework of evolutionary, capabilities-based theories of the firm, however, this discovery and its exploitation in SEM make
perfect sense. Capabilities theory would imply that firms' intrinsic path dependence may previously have obscured such opportunities.
This paper examines the theory of SEM, its implications for neoclassical and capabilities theories of the firm, and survey
results drawn from the author's work with member companies in a regional pollution prevention roundtable.
RID="*"
IDI have enjoyed the able and insightful research assistance of Justin Vernon. Cooperation from the companies that participated
in the survey, and financial support from Allegheny College and its Center for Economic and Environmental Development, are
gratefully acknowledged. Reviewers for this journal provided numerous, valuable suggestions. Responsibility for the material
herein remains mine alone. 相似文献
994.
In this article, we analyze the relationship between outward foreign direct investment (FDI) and exports, using Spanish quarterly data for the period 1977–1998, by means of Granger causality tests in a cointegration framework. Our results point to the existence of a relationship of complementarity between both variables, with Granger causality running in the short run from outward FDI to exports, and bilateral Granger causality in the long run. 相似文献
995.
996.
Jiazhong You 《Empirical Economics》2003,28(1):61-73
Both standard and robust methods are used here to estimate models of Engel curves for three household commodities, namely,
food, transport, and tobacco and alcohol in Canada. The income elasticities of demand computed from the various methods differ
significantly for the transport and tobacco-alcohol consumption where there are obvious outliers and zero expenditures problem.
Robust estimators point to lower income elasticities and have better performance than the standard LS and Tobit estimator.
These results are analyzed in the light of the information on finite-sample performance obtained in a previous Monte Carlo
study.
First version received: July 2000/Final version received: July 2001
RID="*"
ID="*" I wish to thank Victoria Zinde-Walsh, John Galbraith, Clint Coakley, two anonymous referees and an associate editor
for helpful comments. I would also like to thank Anastassia Khouri for kindly providing the 1992 Family Expenditure Survey
of Canada data. 相似文献
997.
Increasing public concerns about health risks associated with dietary intakes of cholesterol are expected to have significant
impacts on the demand for foods with high fat content. This paper investigates how information about cholesterol, as measured
by two newly constructed indices based on published medical research, has affected the demand for meats (beef, chicken and
pork) and fish in the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden). To compare the effects of information across
countries and over time, the demand equations for all the countries are estimated within one system, and a complete set of
price and expenditure elasticities is estimated. Our findings suggest that health information has affected consumption in
a healthy way in all countries studied except for Denmark. We find positive effects on the demand for chicken in Finland,
Norway and Sweden and for fish in Finland and Sweden. A negative effect on the demand for beef in Sweden also is found.
First version received: May 2001/Final version received: December 2001
RID="*"
ID="*" The authors would like to thank Wen S. Chern and Bj?rn Sl?en for their assistance in the construction of the health
information indices. The suggestions of two anonymous referees have also been of great assistance. The EU (contract FAIRS-CT97-3373)
and the Research Council of Norway (grant no. 134018/110) provided financial support for this research.” 相似文献
998.
Schumpeter and the revival of evolutionary economics: an appraisal of the literature 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
Jan Fagerberg 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2003,13(2):125-159
During the last two decades we have seen a revival of interest in the works of Joseph Schumpeter and “evolutionary” ideas
in economics more generally. A professional society honouring Schumpeter's name has been founded, and linked to it we have
had for more than fifteen years now a professional journal devoted to this stream of thought. However, it has been argued
that, despite these developments, the link between Schumpeter's own work and the more recent contributions to evolutionary
economics is in fact rather weak. This paper considers this claim. Based on an analysis of Schumpeter's contribution to economics
the paper presents an overview and assessment of the more recent literature in this area. It is argued that although there
are important differences between Schumpeter's work and some of the more recent contributions, there nevertheless remains
a strong common core that clearly distinguishes the evolutionary stream from other approaches (such as, for instance, so-called
“new growth theory”).
RID="*"
ID="*" Many people have contributed to this paper in various ways. Jon Hekland at the Norwegian Research Council started it
all by asking me to make an overview of the contribution from “evolutionary economics” to our understanding of contemporary
economies. Several people helped me on the way by supplying written material, comments and suggestions, and I am indebted
to all of them. Brian Arthur, Stan Metcalfe, Keith Pavitt, Erik Reinert, Paolo Saviotti and Bart Verspagen may be particularly
mentioned. A preliminary version was presented at the conference “Industrial R&D and Innovation Policy Learning – Evolutionary
Perspectives and New Methods for Impact Assessment” organised by the Norwegian Research Council (“SAKI”) at Leangkollen, Asker,
April 18–19.2002. I wish to thank the discussant, Tor Jakob Klette, and the participants at the conference for useful feedback.
Moreover I have benefited from comments and suggestions from the editors and referees of this journal. The final responsibility
is mine, however. Economic support from the Norwegian Research Council (“SAKI”) is gratefully acknowledged. 相似文献
999.
Ritxar Arlegi 《Economic Theory》2003,22(1):219-225
Summary. Recent work by Bossert, Pattanaik and Xu provides axiomatic characterizations of some decision rules for individual decision
making under complete uncertainty. This note shows that, in the case of two of these rules, they do not satisfy one of the
axioms used for their characterization. A counterexample illustrating this fact is provided, as well as an alternative way
to characterize the two rules under consideration, mantaining as far as possible the original axioms proposed by Bossert,
Pattanaik and Xu.
Received: November 3, 2000; revised version: March 1, 2002
RID="*"
ID="*" I am grateful for the encouragement and support of Professor Prasanta Pattanaik. I thank also the suggestions of two
anonymous referees. This work was made during an academic visit to the Department of Economics of the University of California
in Riverside (UCR). The visit was possible thanks to an invitation by the UCR and the financial support of the Public University
of Navarra, the Government of Navarra, and the CICYT (SEC96-0858). 相似文献
1000.
Jose?Manuel?Pavía?MirallesEmail author Luis-Eduardo?Vila?Lladosa Roberto?Escuder?Vallés 《Spanish Economic Review》2003,5(4):291-305
Most of the countries of the OECD offer quarterly estimates of their national growth or of their Gross National Product. Official Statistical Agencies in western countries have to deal with the problem of estimating Quarterly National Accounts series congruently with Annual National Accounts. In Spain, the Instituto Nacional de Estadística uses the Chow-Lin disaggregation method, which is based on information provided by a group of high-frequency related variables, to estimate the quarterly components of National Accounts from annual components. In this paper, we analyse the relative quality of the estimates obtained through the Chow-Lin procedure, under different sets of hypotheses.JEL Classification:
C15, C43, M40We are grateful to Maria Amparo Ripoll for her assistance. The authors also wish to thank three anonymous referees and an editor for their constructive suggestions and comments. This research was partially made during the stay of the first author at the Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. It has been partially supported by the research project DGCYT PB98-1460. 相似文献