Background Risk and the Performance of Insurance Markets under Adverse Selection

Background risk can influence the performance of insurance markets that must deal with adverse selection when applicants are risk vulnerable, since they are more averse to bearing the insurable risk as a result of their exposures to background risk. We show that background risk always results in a lower deductible for the incentive constrained contract, and that a broader range of markets attains the stable sequential equilibrium cross-subsidized pair of separating contracts. We conclude that background risk always improves the performance of markets for coverage against (insurable) foreground risks that must deal with adverse selection. We also find, however, that these improvements are never sufficient to offset the cost to insureds of bearing the background risk.     

简释可持续发展成本

可持续发展观要求我们对成本概念进行正确的理解，已经付出的资源代价是成本，应该付出但尚未付出、迟早要付出的资源代价也应该理解为成本，这是对可持续发展成本理解的基础。可持续发展成本主要是由自然生态成本和人文生态成本构成。重视可持续发展成本核算是优化资源环境的需要、完善国民经济核算体系的需要以及正确计算产品成本的要求。构建可持续发展成本核算体系应从自然生态成本核算体系和人文生态成本核算体系两个子系统进行构建。     

论商业银行核心竞争力的内涵及主要特征

商业银行的核心竞争力是商业银行在激烈的市场竞争中形成的优于竞争对手、保持竞争优势和持续发展的能力,体现了商业银行特殊的市场价值取向、抵抗市场风险和获得持续竞争优势的能力,集中反映了商业银行在市场竞争下的竞争能力和竞争优势。商业银行的知识、信息技术、经营机制、文化和伦理是影响商业银行核心竞争力的主要因素。战略价值性、独特性、延展性、系统整合性和动态性是商业银行核心竞争力的主要特征。     

京福高速公路建设与三明区域经济发展

三明属福建内陆山区市,农业与旅游业资源丰富,工业基础好,但由于交通条件的制约,经济发展相对滞后。京福高速公路的开通,打破了三明高速公路的零记录,为三明高速公路网的形成奠定了基础,因此,大大提升了三明的区位优势,促使三明新区域经济布局的形成,为三明老工业基地重振雄风、新工业的兴起、农业与旅游业的发展创造了全新的机遇。     

Speculative attack against the Hungarian forint

In mid-January 2003 a severe speculative attack was launched against the exchange rate of the Hungarian forint. The attack was very unusual in the history of foreign exchange speculations, since it was aimed at enforcing the appreciation — and not the depreciation — of the currency targeted. The specific nature of this kind of speculation is closely related to Hungary’s accession to the European Union in general and to EMU in particular. Since the other Central and Eastern European acceding countries face similar problems and challenges, the Hungarian experience may involve some instructive lessons on monetary and economic policy for them too.