The key role of intermediaries in Thailand's fresh food distribution system

New overseas retail formats have been entering emerging markets since the late 1990s. Accordingly, research on the advance of transnational retailers into emerging markets has recently flourished, and Thailand, one of the most popular host countries for transnational retailers, has often been examined as a case study. Many of these studies clarify the retail internationalization process and conclude that the new formats are driving the host countries' traditional distribution system toward a fundamental change. Although these studies consider the host countries' circumstances, they do not necessarily pay sufficient attention to specific characteristics of those host countries. In case studies of Thailand, the specific roles of intermediaries throughout the entire retail and distribution system are commonly overlooked. This paper argues that intermediaries continue to play an important role in Thailand's distribution systems, especially in the system of fresh vegetable distribution. This study first explains why earlier studies often attached less importance to the examination of intermediate distribution systems, despite the necessity of considering the roles of intermediaries for a deeper understanding of the impact of new retail formats on the host countries' distribution system as a whole. After discussing the key roles of intermediaries in Thailand's vegetable distribution system, this paper concludes that because modern retailers' involvement, particularly that of transnational retailers, at the agricultural production stage is still limited in Thailand, they often rely on intermediate distributors, such as local assembling wholesalers, coordinator-type intermediaries, and wholesale markets, for the intermediate distribution process.     

汪道昆散文中的徽文化特质

汪道昆是明代中后期与王世贞、李攀龙鼎足而三的文坛领袖人物。汪道昆本人来自徽州、出身徽商家庭,深受徽文化影响。徽商的经商生活及徽商的商业伦理道德、徽州人"聚族而居"的特点、新安理学思想的影响等在汪道昆的散文里得到鲜明地体现。独特的地域文化造就了汪道昆,同时又使得汪道昆的散文打上了深深的地域文化烙印。     

沥青混凝土面板防渗设计

主要介绍了某预制厂土石坝采用沥青混凝土面板进行防渗设计,详细的阐述了该项目的概括、地质情况,并根据工程情况,详细说明了沥青混凝土面板的设计参数和施工参数。     

浅谈如何实现企业敏捷化经营

随着市场竞争的日趋白热化和消费需求的多样化,企业实施敏捷化经营将是必然选择。本论文就敏捷化经营的概念、思想和实现敏捷化经营的途径进行了探讨。     

基于区间数二级收敛的风险型方案的择优

区间数多属性择优问题是多属性决策研究中的重要内容.为解决成本与效益型混合的多属性风险型方案择优问题,在分析区间数的定义及其在方案属性集中应用的基础上,本文运用区间数的二级收敛思想,给出了多属性风险型方案的择优过程:首先规范决策矩阵并将各备选方案属性权重的区间数收敛为点值;其次计算各备选方案综合属性值的区间数并建立可能度矩阵再将各备选方案综合属性值的区间数收敛为点值;最后运用综合属性排序向量计算各备选方案的综合属性点值并进行排序.本文实例印证了该择优过程的实用性和有效性.本文研究成果可丰富多属性决策研究内容并有助于风险投资者科学高效地选择最佳投资方案,因而具有较高的理论意义及实践价值.     

Social media adoption: A process-based approach

This research conceptualizes and measures social media adoption (SMA) of companies with a process-based approach and explains its antecedents of micro- and macro-environment, size, and ownership, as well as its consequence of intention to increase resources dedicated to social media. Based on data from 310 Turkish small and medium enterprises, the study first develops a conceptual framework on the pillars of internal and external stakeholder focus as well as relationship and information oriented implementation. Based on these two dimensions, it discusses the novel concepts of social customer relations, social stakeholder communication, social intelligence, and social responsiveness related to SMA. The study further indicates that ownership type and micro environment play a role in SMA and that path dependence exists in the interplay of current adoption and future intentions.     

Fuzzy logic,trading uncertainty and technical trading

From the market microstructure perspective, technical analysis can be profitable when informed traders make systematic mistakes or when uninformed traders have predictable impacts on price. However, chartists face a considerable degree of trading uncertainty because technical indicators such as moving averages are essentially imperfect filters with a nonzero phase shift. Consequently, technical trading may result in erroneous trading recommendations and substantial losses. This paper presents an uncertainty reduction approach based on fuzzy logic that addresses two problems related to the uncertainty embedded in technical trading strategies: market timing and order size. The results of our high-frequency exercises show that ‘fuzzy technical indicators’ dominate standard moving average technical indicators and filter rules for the Euro-US dollar (EUR-USD) exchange rates, especially on high-volatility days.     

基于云计算的军事物流信息系统研究

介绍了一种军事物流信息系统的设计模式,将云计算技术技术引入到军事物流领域,从体系结构和数据的管理两方面对系统进行了论述。系统可以实现军用物资的自动化管理,实现军用物资保障决策的科学化和快速化,为战争的胜利提供有力的保障。