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111.
Ricardo Lagos Guillaume Rocheteau Pierre-Olivier Weill 《Journal of Economic Theory》2011,146(6):2169-2205
We study the efficiency of liquidity provision by dealers and the desirability of policy intervention in over-the-counter (OTC) markets during crises. We emphasizes two OTC frictions: finding counterparties takes time, and trade is bilateral and involves bargaining. We model a crisis as a shock that reduces investors? asset demands, lasting until a random recovery time. In this context, dealers can provide liquidity to investors by accumulating asset inventories. When OTC frictions are severe, even well capitalized dealers may not find it privately optimal to accumulate inventories, and direct purchase by the government can improve welfare. 相似文献
112.
Ricardo Azevedo Araujo Nathalia Almeida de Souza 《Structural Change and Economic Dynamics》2010,21(2):101-110
A stylized fact of the labour market in developing countries is that it is highly segmented in informality. One of the main factors that induce workers and firms into informality is an excessive regulatory system that makes formal economy little attractive. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of workers and firms’ entrance and withdrawal of the formal and informal economy, assessing the impact of taxes by using an evolutionary game theory approach in which economic agents decide for one these markets according to the expected pay-off. Moreover, the optimal relation between regulatory and enforcement action by the government is evaluated. 相似文献
113.
João Ricardo Faria Le Wang Zhongmin Wu 《The North American Journal of Economics and Finance》2012,23(2):203-219
This paper studies the impact of mortgages on consumer debt and on debt on durable goods. Outstanding debt, representing mortgages, affects positively consumer debt, and the debt on durable goods. This hypothesis is empirically tested for the U.S. using PSID 2005 wave. Our results are striking. First, we find strong evidence supporting a positive association between mortgage loans and consumer debts, regardless of the measures used, the control variables used, and the methods used. The results remain unchanged when we address potential endogeneity and measurement error problems. Second, we find that the effects of mortgages on the debt on durable goods are in general smaller than the effects of mortgages on other types of debts. Third, our distributional analysis reveals an interesting pattern of the effects on consumer debt of mortgage over the distribution. Specifically, the effects monotonically decrease as the quantile increase, with the smallest effects being at the upper tail of the distribution. Finally, we also examine the short-run dynamics of the relation between mortgage and consumer debts. We find that there is no systematic relation between the growth rate of mortgage and the growth rates of consumer debts. 相似文献
114.
This article investigates and compares the root causes of transnational terrorism and piracy. In order to accomplish this, we construct a novel data set that catalogues terrorist activity and piracy over the years 1992–2008, paying particular attention to the Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean since 1991. These data are then merged with other information detailing the economic, political, and security posture of each organization during the same period so that we can examine the relationship between economic prosperity, security, terrorism, and piracy. The main conclusion is that terrorism is mostly unrelated to economic conditions, while piracy responds to both economic payoffs and military deterrents. 相似文献
115.
Ricardo Martin 《Journal of International Economics》1977,7(4):323-328
The paper derives an exact criterion for deciding if capital accumulation in a small, open economy where the only distortion is a tariff on imports will result in a loss of welfare–a possibility shown by Johnson. The relationship with a previous criterion derived by Bertrand and Flatters is discussed. 相似文献
116.
Ricardo D. Brito 《Journal of development economics》2010,91(2):198-210
This paper shows there is no evidence that the inflation targeting regime (IT) improves economic performance as measured by the behavior of inflation and output growth in developing countries. The control of common time effects results in less negative and less significant IT impacts on inflation, inflation volatility and output growth volatility than previously found in the literature. Additionally, our analysis shows robust evidence of lower output growth during IT adoption. On balance, although lower long-run mean inflation signals that the central banks of emerging economies with inflation targeting are more inflation-averse, the costs of disinflation have not been lower than under other monetary regimes. 相似文献
117.
Ricardo T. Fernholz 《International Economic Review》2015,56(4):1323-1348
I consider dynamic models in which investors are heterogeneously informed about both foreign exchange interventions and exchange rate fundamentals and show that transparency sometimes exacerbates misalignment between the exchange rate and fundamentals. Although transparency reveals information about fundamentals, it also increases the precision of the exchange rate as a signal of those fundamentals that remain unknown (the signal‐precision effect of transparency). If a central bank announcement reveals little information about fundamentals, then this effect dominates and transparency magnifies misalignment. One implication is that ambiguity can increase the effectiveness of intervention to support a declining currency during times of crisis. 相似文献
118.
Ricardo Hernández Thomas Reardon Ronnie Natawidjaja Shobha Shetty 《Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies》2015,51(3):425-444
The tomato value chain in Indonesia has transformed in the last two decades. We assess this transformation here, focusing on small tomato farmers in West Java and the determinants of their market-channel choices (as well as the technology correlates of those choices). These farmers sell to traditional village traders, urban and modern wholesalers, and supermarkets, and they have all invested heavily in irrigation and rely on external inputs. We find differences among farmers selling to different market channels. To wit, non-land assets—especially irrigation—are important to farmers participating in the supermarket, or modern, channel, but farm size affects modern-channel participation only in high-level commercial zones (zones dense in infrastructure and near highways). We also find that modern-channel farmers earn more profit than farmers in other channels but do not necessarily use chemicals more intensively. Yet hardly any farmers sell graded tomatoes; the main ‘capture of rents’ goes to specialised and modernising wholesalers. 相似文献
119.
Luis Javier Sanchez-Barrios Mario Giraldo Mahmoud Khalik Ricardo Manjarres 《The Service Industries Journal》2015,35(15-16):883-897
There is a lack of research on service consumption practices of Base of the Pyramid consumers. This study contributes to the Transformative Service Research agenda by understanding stigmatized service consumption practices and their effect on the well-being of these consumers; this has not been fully addressed until now. Additionally, it is shown that understanding the relations among consumers, communities, and informal service offerings results in the design of services with unintentional positive effects on well-being at individual, collective, and relational levels. Findings show that informal service offerings are non-discriminatory, hassle-free, jargon-free, and reputation-based. These findings pave the way to further explore such complex contexts to better understand the impact of service design on the well-being of such consumers. Positive practices can be adopted by any service industry that intends to serve that segment through the intentional redesign of offerings that are engaging, inclusive, and simple and acknowledge social standing. 相似文献
120.
This paper discusses aspects of airport service quality evaluation using fuzzy multicriteria analysis and the alpha-cut concept.
It presents a fuzzy multicriteria methodology for analysing a complex set of quality variables. This methodology develops
a step by step set of indicators that allow managers have a holistic view of the quality dimension. It also helps the understanding
of cause and effect relation, it helps tracking service quality problems and benchmarking them. From the alpha-cut concept,
by defining upper and lower limits, this approach seeks to assist managers in evaluating a complex number of quality criteria
and decision-makers’ behaviour. This approach gives managers a broader view of comparative perceptions of quality among the
airports in a given sample, by presenting the results of the analysis in fuzzy form and allowing managers to consider different
styles of evaluation. The methodology discussed is applied to six Brazilian international airports. 相似文献