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941.
942.
Pierre‐Richard Agnor Nihal Bayraktar Emmanuel Pinto Moreira Karim El Aynaoui 《The World Economy》2006,29(11):1519-1547
This paper presents a macroeconomic approach to monitoring progress toward achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in Sub‐Saharan Africa. At the heart of our framework is a macro model which captures key linkages between foreign aid, public investment (disaggregated into education, infrastructure and health), the supply side and poverty. The model is then linked through cross‐country regressions to indicators of malnutrition, infant mortality, life expectancy and access to safe water. A composite MDG Indicator is also calculated. The functioning of our framework is illustrated by simulating the impact of an increase in foreign aid to Niger at the MDG horizon of 2015, under alternative assumptions about the degree of efficiency of public investment. Our approach can serve as the building block for Strategy Papers for Human Development (SPAHD), a more encompassing concept than the current ‘Poverty Reduction’ Strategy Papers. 相似文献
943.
We conducted the first randomized controlled field experiment of an Internet reputation mechanism. A high-reputation, established
eBay dealer sold matched pairs of lots—batches of vintage postcards—under his regular identity and under new seller identities
(also operated by him). As predicted, the established identity fared better. The difference in buyers’ willingness-to-pay
was 8.1% of the selling price. A subsidiary experiment followed the same format, but compared sales by relatively new sellers
with and without negative feedback. Surprisingly, one or two negative feedbacks for our new sellers did not affect buyers’
willingness-to-pay.
JEL Classification D82 · L14 · Z13 相似文献
944.
945.
946.
This article presents new evidence on the cost of equity capital by line of insurance for the property‐liability insurance industry. To do so we obtain firm beta estimates and then use the full‐information industry beta (FIB) methodology to decompose the cost of capital by line. We obtain full‐information beta estimates using the standard one‐factor capital asset pricing model and extend the FIB methodology to incorporate the Fama–French three‐factor cost of capital model. The analysis suggests the cost of capital for insurers using the Fama–French model is significantly higher than the estimates based upon the CAPM. In addition, we find evidence of significant differences in the cost of equity capital across lines. 相似文献
947.
948.
949.
Richard Bozec Gaétan Breton & Louise Côté 《Financial Accountability and Management》2002,18(4):383-407
Many theoretical and empirical studies look at the ownership–performance relationship. So far, the literature in finance and in accounting mainly refers to the property rights, agency and public choice theories. Despite the fact that the results of these studies are more or less conclusive, it is usually considered that the private enterprise performs better than the state–owned enterprise. In this article, we argue that these studies suffer from one major limitation. They do not recognize that the goals of the state–owned enterprise are different from the ones espoused by the private firm. Using a sample of state–owned entreprises and private firms for the period 1976–1996, we present empirical evidence that the state–owned enterprises, when their main goal is to maximize profit, perform as well as the privately owned enterprises. Therefore, the alleged under–performance of the state–owned enterprises may only be the result of pursuing other goals while the poor quality of public managers may be another urban myth. 相似文献
950.
Richard Clay Barnett 《The Canadian journal of economics》2003,36(3):701-727
Abstract. We explore a model where smuggling and a parallel currency market arise, owing to government restrictions that prevent agents from legally holding foreign exchange. Despite such restrictions, agents are able to diversify their savings, holding both domestic and parallel foreign cash, basing their portfolio allocation on current and prospective parallel exchange rates. We attribute movements in parallel rates to non‐fundamental uncertainty. The model generates equilibria with both positive and negative parallel premia and correlations between illegal trade and the premium. The model has the novel implication that currency speculation drives smuggling, affecting real activities in all sectors of the economy. JEL classification: F31 相似文献