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101.
Richardson CM 《Benefits quarterly》1998,14(1):9-16
The following article attempts to bring to light the many questions and thoughts regarding ethical behavior as it relates to the employee benefits profession. Rather than dictating to the reader all the answers regarding ethics, the article demonstrates the different ways various situations can be interpreted. It leaves open the choices available to employee benefits professionals, while compelling us to confront the difficult decisions we must face when dealing with employees, employers and insurance companies. 相似文献
102.
103.
H. Andrew Michener James M. Ekman David C. Dettman Greg D. Richardson 《European Journal of Political Economy》1987,3(4)
This article investigates theories of payoff allocation in cooperative non-sidepayment games, that is, games where players can form coalitions and coordinate strategies but cannot redistribute payoffs via sidepayments. A labotatory experiment was conducted with 4-person, 3-strategy non-sidepayment games. The goal of this experiment was to ascertain which characteristic function, Vα(S) or Vβ(S), provides the more accurate basis for payoff predictions from solution concepts. Predictions from each of three solution concepts (core, stable set, imputation set) were computed on the basis of both Vα(S) and Vβ(S), making a total of six theories under test. The results showed two basic findings. First, for each of the three solutions, the prediction computed on the basis of Vα(S) was more accurate than the prediction computed from Vα(S). Second, the β-core was the most accurate of the six theories tested. Overall, these results support the view that Vβ(S) is superior to Vα(S) as a basis for payoff predictions in cooperative non-sidepayment games. 相似文献
104.
105.
Communicating organizational change is a difficult task. Many attempts at change end in failure, and many times the failure is due primarily to poor communication and lack of acceptance of the change by employees. This article examines (1) the process of communicating for change, (2) some major reasons for communication failure, and (3) a variety of successful techniques used in organizations. Empirical evidence about communicating for change is also incorporated. Finally, guidelines for managers, with particular relevance for human resource managers, to follow in effectively communicating for major changes are presented. © 1996 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
106.
First, the process whereby developing countries become developed is discussed in terms of complexity, neutrality in social relations, and the achievement ethic. An examination of managerial attitudes in eight South-East Asian countries is followed by the results of a comparative study of manufacturing industry in Hong Kong and Singapore. It was concluded that in Singapore participation leads to higher productivity (rs
0.71, p<0.05) but only because the context is mainly foreign. This relationship was not found in Hong Kong probably because Hong Kong enterprises remain non-bureaucratic, i.e. non-western. A more participative style of management requires radical changes in non-managers' expectations of their employers, as well as a significant increase in the extent to which superiors trust their subordinates. The evidence suggests that Asian managers (except those in Japan and, possibly, Singapore) favour an autocractic approach.Dr. S.G. Redding is Professor of Management Studies and Head of Department at the University of Hong Kong. Dr. S. Richardson formerly Head, Production & Industrial Engineering Department, Hong Kong Polytechnic is now in the School of Management, National University of Singapore. 相似文献
107.
The Relationship between Changes in Fixed Plant Investment and the Likelihood of Emergence from Corporate Financial Distress 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kane Gregory D. Richardson Frederick M. 《Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting》2002,18(3):259-272
Companies experiencing financial distress can attempt to mitigate financial distress through changing the investment in the fixed asset base. Management may choose to expand the asset base in hopes of increasing sales. Alternatively, management may choose to contract the asset base in order to eliminate and/or reduce investment in unprofitable or risky ventures, improve liquidity, reduce earnings volatility, and reduce the need for operating capital.In this study, we examined how observed changes in the investment base affect the likelihood of emergence from a financially distressed condition. We find that, when management chooses to contract the investment in property, plant, and equipment, the likelihood of emergence from financial distress is significantly improved. On the other hand, when management chooses to expand property, plant, and equipment in the face of distress, the distress is only intensified. Our explanation is that companies that choose to contract their fixed asset base in times of trouble are taking steps that will most likely improve their financial condition—they are less likely to need working capital, and can better tolerate increased levels of long-term debt. Conversely, increasing the fixed asset base amplifies the need for working capital, and borrowing money to facilitate the expansion simply increases the necessary uses of that working capital because the debt must be serviced. As a result, companies descend even deeper into financial distress and decrease the likelihood that they will emerge therefrom. 相似文献
108.
Traditional analysis of customs union formation suggests that it leads to an increase in members' external tariffs. This paper stresses two aspects of European trade and trade policy—a large volume of intra-industry trade between similar countries and a political motivation for tariffs—and highlights a role for tariff coordination in a model of differentiated products in which tariffs affect domestic costs and thus export prices and the magnitude of monopolistic rents. We show that when workers choose the tariffs and receive but a small portion of tariff revenues, the union's tariff wall falls. 相似文献
109.
R.B. Whan Robert A. Richardson 《The Australian journal of agricultural and resource economics》1969,13(2):91-100
A simulated model of an auction market is developed showing the relationship between the variation in valuations, the price variation and the number of independent bidders in the market. Average prices paid in a market with two or three bidders are less than average valuations. Average prices are progressively greater than average valuations as the number of bidders increases beyond four. Some applications of this model in the Australian wool market are discussed. 相似文献
110.
J.David Richardson 《European Economic Review》1973,4(4):381-392
The use of equations relating relative exports logarithmically to relative prices in international trade has always been subject to a large number of conceptual criticisms. The most severe criticisms of such ‘elasticity-of-substitution’ models focus on the variety of constraints which must be simultaneously placed on the parameters of conventional demand and supply equations to justify the assumed functional relation. The purpose of this paper is to put these conceptual criticisms to an empirical test, using a body of data which allows the constraints to be loosened, then confirmed or rejected, rather than being imposed ex ante. The results are favorable to the continued use of the elasticity of substitution. 相似文献