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191.
192.
193.
Miklós Losoncz 《Intereconomics》2003,38(3):132-137
In mid-January 2003 a severe speculative attack was launched against the exchange rate of the Hungarian forint. The attack
was very unusual in the history of foreign exchange speculations, since it was aimed at enforcing the appreciation — and not
the depreciation — of the currency targeted. The specific nature of this kind of speculation is closely related to Hungary’s
accession to the European Union in general and to EMU in particular. Since the other Central and Eastern European acceding
countries face similar problems and challenges, the Hungarian experience may involve some instructive lessons on monetary
and economic policy for them too. 相似文献
194.
195.
Franz Neueder 《Intereconomics》2003,38(4):190-195
While the political benefits of the coming EU enlargement are relatively easy to identify, its economic and financial consequences
are less unequivocal. The following article examines the likely costs and benefits of enlargement to both existing and future
Members, and in particular how it will affect Germany, one of the few present EU Member States which has direct borders with
acceding states.
The article expresses the personal opinions of the author. 相似文献
196.
Phillip J. Bryson 《Intereconomics》2003,38(5):276-282
The arrival of the 2001–2003 recession caused many to suppose that the so-called “New Economy” was now defunct. This article
addresses a number of related issues, including the question of the durability and viability of business cycles in the face
of the technological developments of the information age. It asks what went wrong with the New Economy and examines its characteristics
as well as its remaining possibilities and prospects for the future. Finally, it considers the spread of the Information Economy
to Europe, especially to Germany, the country that one might expect to be the leading European player, but which is not at
present actually a strong competitor for that role. 相似文献
197.
In this paper we re-examine the effect of 12b–1 payments on mutual fund expense ratios by analyzing data from 1988 through 1991. The findings are consistent with previous studies that find charges are a dead-weight cost borne by shareholders. However, we show that this cost increases over time. 相似文献
198.
This article examines two decades of scholarly literature on discrimination and two decades of discussion of discrimination
in economics textbooks. At first discrimination was taken seriously and policy responses adequate to the problem were advocated.
Today this is a minority position. The article first traces the way thatJEL policies concerning indexing and abstracting have contributed to this change. Next textbooks are analyzed to show how this
change is manifested in commonly used curricular materials. Finally, political preferences are shown to undergird crucial
arguments like those concerning minimum wages. Conclusions linking ideology to research agendas are put forward. 相似文献
199.
200.
This paper studies earnings management using 363 closed–end mutual fund firm–years of data. Closed–end fund assets consist of unrestricted and restricted securities, and realized and unrealized income. While unrestricted securities are not subject to earnings management, restricted security values are largely discretionary. Managerial valuation of restricted securities is modeled as contingent on unrestricted returns relative to a performance benchmark. Four unrestricted performance regions are identified. Known multi–period compensation incentives become the basis for hypothesizing earnings management behaviors in the regions in the form of restricted security valuation. Across several benchmarks, the results are consistent with multi–period maximization rather than simpler single–period compensation maximization or income smoothing. Funds with extreme unrestricted performance show relatively larger income–decreasing earnings management, and funds with slightly–below benchmark returns show relatively larger income–increasing earnings management than those slightly above. These results clarify the relationship between complex earnings management behavior and managerial incentives. 相似文献