Industry and Government Advertising Regulation: An Analysis of Relative Efficiency and Effectiveness

This study analyzes data to determine the relative efficiency of the Advertising Standards Council, Consumer and Corporate Affairs Canada, and the Ministry of Consumer and Corporate Affairs of British Columbia in handling complaints about misleading advertising. The data suggest that, for some types of complaints, self-regulation is faster and nay resolve complaints at a lower cost than federal or provincial regulation. While there appear to be advertising problems that a self-regulatdry body is uniquely capable of handling, some classes of advertising complaints require the investigatory and punishment capabilities of government regulators. Effective and efficient regulation of advertising is best achieved through cooperative efforts by industry and government regulators. To achieve this goal, more informal interaction among regulators is suggested. Résumé Cette étude présente une analyse de données visant à déterminer l'efficacité relative du Conseil des nonnes de la publicité, Consommation et Corporations Canada et le Ministère de la consommation et des corporations de la Colombie-Britanique dans son traitement des plaintes concernant la publicité trompeuse. Les données indiquent que dans certains types de plaintes V auto-réglementation est plus rapide et permet une résolution moins coǔteuse que la réglementation fédérale ou provinciale. Bien qu'il semble que certains problèmes de publicité ne puissent ětre traités par un organisme auto-réglementé, certains types de plaintes nécessitent des enquětes et des mesures de réprimande dont seules des instances gouvernementales peuvent se charger. Une réglementation efficace dans le domaine de la publicité ne peut ětre mise en place que grǎce a une coopération entre l'industrie et les organismes de réglementation gouvernementaux. Pour atteindre ce but, l'étude recommande une plus grande interaction informelle parmi les organismes de réglementation.     

Testing hypotheses of ghetto morphology

Socioeconomic urban policy has generally treated the American black ghetto as a single community or neighborhood. A study of recent literature suggests that the socioeconomic structure of ghetto space may be developing a spatially systematic heterogeneity. The literature has suggested several hypotheses concerning the socioeconomic morphology of ghetto space, but heretofore these hypotheses have not been tested in any rigorous fashion. This is the objective of this study. The results of these tests suggest that the ghetto is indeed developing as a socioeconomically heterogeneous subsystem spatially parallel to the overall urban system. This implies that a multiplicity of communities or neighborhoods are developing over time. In order to be effective, the processes of urban planning and policy development must address this evolving pattern.     

Process,goal, and social interaction differences in recreation: What makes an activity substitutable

Abstract

In the present study two recreational activities, deer hunting and goose hunting, both similar in form, are compared. The study shows that the activity with the fewest perceived substitutes, deer hunting, also showed higher mean ratings on items measuring the importance of various elements of the experience, such as the process of participation, the goal of the activity, and the social interaction that accompanies the activity by the participants. Deer hunters also reported greater participation in the activity by peers and were more likely to be introduced to the activity by a family member. It is argued that these differences in the importance of the elements of the experiences influence the perceived substitutability of a recreational activity.     

The fundamentals of land prices and urban growth

In a very simple model in which capital is durable and landowners have perfect foresight, the price of urban land has four additive components: the value of agricultural land rent, the cost of conversion, the value of accessibility, and the value of expected future rent increases, a growth premium. In rapidly growing cities, the growth premium may easily account for half of the average price of land and may create a large gap between the price of land at the boundary (minus conversion cost) and the value of agricultural land rent.     

Working Time Mismatch and Subjective Well-being

This study uses nationally representative panel survey data for Australia to identify the role played by mismatches between hours actually worked and working time preferences in contributing to reported levels of job and life satisfaction. Three main conclusions emerge. First, it is not the number of hours worked that matters for subjective well-being, but working time mismatch. Second, overemployment is a more serious problem than is underemployment. Third, while the magnitude of the impact of overemployment may seem small in absolute terms, relative to other variables, such as disability, the effect is quite large.