饭店行业业态内涵及创新路径选择探析

目前,关于＂业态＂的研究对象主要为零售业,但总体界定还比较笼统模糊,饭店＂业态＂也是近年被关注的热点问题之一,因而有必要进行深入研究。通过归纳和规范研究方法,主要探究了饭店行业业态内涵及主要构成要素维度。界定＂饭店行业业态＂为：饭店投资与经营者关于具体经营场所经营战略的总和。饭店行业业态要素可以分为5个主要维度：即,饭店产品组合形态、饭店场所空间形态、饭店组织形态、饭店聚集形态、饭店产品自身特征形态及21个主要构成要素。也进一步提出了饭店行业业态创新路径,其中饭店业态创新动因主要为外部环境、饭店行业内部竞争、饭店行业企业自身发展要求及其他行业的多元化拓展要求4个维度。     

张家界国家森林公园客源市场的空间特征与潜力研究

旅游客源市场的空间特征是旅游地理学研究的重要内容。从数量上度量旅游需求随客源地的空间分布变化,能指导旅游目的地的旅游规划和经营决策。以张家界国家森林公园为例,运用GIS对其国内客源市场进行了空间分析,利用距离累计曲线分析影响其客源分布的因素;最后在引力模型的基础上建立旅游客流空间潜力模型。研究结果表明,张家界国家森林公园的客源市场分布与我国目前经济发展中珠三角、长三角、环渤海三足鼎立的格局保持一致;在此基础上,提出应在保护资源的前提下实现市场优化以达到可持续发展的对策。     

基于委托—代理理论的公共旅游资源管理制度分析

中国公共旅游资源管理的委托代理层次较多,代理链较长,加之政府作为委托人和代理人的双重身份,使得公共旅游资源的管理过程中,不但存在＂代理问题＂,而且存在＂委托问题＂。借鉴委托代理理论,从规范公共旅游资源管理中的代理关系出发,对完善公共旅游资源代理制度,促进公共旅游资源的可持续利用,改进公共旅游资源的管理提出了一些建议和措施。     

基于IPEA方程思想的江苏省节能潜力分析

基于IPEA方程思想,对江苏省能源消耗进行了历史回顾,预测了2010年、2015年和2020年的江苏省能源消耗总量;通过产业结构演进—能源消费和产业结构演进—单位GDP能耗两个模型,分析了1985年以来江苏省产业结构演进与能源消费和单位GDP能耗的关系,结果显示,产业结构演进与一次能源消费总量和单位GDP能耗之间存在着密切的关系,通过IPEA方程分析和预测可知,在按GDP年递增率0.10的情况下,如果单位GDP能耗递减率低于0.0909,能源消耗量会增加。在今后的发展中,江苏省应继续通过一系列产业结构调整和优化措施,降低能源消耗。     

A Comment on Weak Disposability in Nonparametric Production Analysis

In his 2005 paper in this journal, Kuosmanen argues that Shephard's specification of weak disposability in activity analysis (DEA) models is not correct. We show that Shephard's specification does satisfy weak disposability and is the "smallest" technology to do so.     

The Benefit Function Approach to Modeling Price-Dependent Demand Systems: An Application of Duality Theory

In this article, we advocate more extensive use of the benefit function in specifying price-dependent or inverse demand models. We demonstrate how duality theory may be used to establish the interrelationships between the Marshallian (or Hicksian) inverse demands and Luenberger's adjusted price functions, allowing estimable inverse demands to be derived directly from a benefit function. We estimate two systems of inverse demands for Japanese quarterly fish consumption. Results indicate that the procedures and methods employed here appear promising, and may prove beneficial for quantity and welfare analysis when modeling systems of inverse demand functions.     

Spatiotemporal Modeling of Asian Citrus Canker Risks: Implications for Insurance and Indemnification Fund Models

Asiatic citrus canker is a disease that poses a significant hazard to commercial citrus production. This article examines spatiotemporal models of the risks of citrus canker transmission. Models evaluate risks and are used to price annual contracts, which would pay producers a prespecified indemnity in the event that their grove is found to be infected with canker. Implications for risk management policy are discussed.     

The Procompetitive Effect of Demand-Enhancing Check-Off Programs

This article explores demand-enhancing check-off programs and how such programs may influence both private programs as well as industry market structure. Under duopoly, a firm may increase its sales through privately funding product quality improvements. However, such endogenous sunk costs may also be used to exclude a rival. Industry-funded check-off programs affect firms' strategies and can be procompetitive. The rationale lies not only in how the check-off enhancement is perceived by consumers but also in the way the check-off's crowding-out effect reduces the ability of a firm to use its private expenditures to bar a rival's market access.     

Induced Innovation in U.S. Agriculture: Time-series, Direct Econometric, and Nonparametric Tests

The hypothesis of induced innovation is tested for U.S. agriculture using a high-quality state-level panel data set and three disparate testing techniques—time series, direct econometric, and nonparametric. We find little support for the hypothesis. That conclusion is robust across testing techniques. However, as with all empirical tests of this hypothesis conducted to date, ours focus only on the demand side of the hypothesis. The hypothesis could have been rejected simply because the marginal cost of developing and implementing input-saving technologies for the relatively expensive inputs is greater than for the relatively cheap inputs.     

Food Aid, Food Prices, and Producer Disincentives in Ethiopia

Although the short-term aims of food aid are well conceived, strong concerns have been voiced regarding the long-term impacts of such aid on incentives for agricultural producers in recipient countries. This article examines the statistical link between food aid shipments and food prices in Ethiopia over the period 1996–2006. Monthly data from three markets and three commodities are used to estimate a system of seemingly unrelated regression models for food prices. Results indicate that previous year food aid shipments reduce prices in all producer and consumer markets. These effects, however, appear to be limited to the set of internationally traded commodities that are domestically marketed. A recursive regression procedure is used to identify the food aid threshold at which a negative aid effect emerges. Food aid shipments that constitute less than 10% of domestic production appear to be benign, but shipments above this level show signs of being disruptive to local markets. We use a simple policy simulation to argue that production-sensitive targeting, e.g., conditioning food aid on local food production, would help to circumvent disincentive effects.