全文获取类型
收费全文 | 21601篇 |
免费 | 194篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 3471篇 |
工业经济 | 1000篇 |
计划管理 | 3408篇 |
经济学 | 4942篇 |
综合类 | 516篇 |
运输经济 | 24篇 |
旅游经济 | 42篇 |
贸易经济 | 5421篇 |
农业经济 | 206篇 |
经济概况 | 2128篇 |
信息产业经济 | 44篇 |
邮电经济 | 593篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 37篇 |
2022年 | 28篇 |
2021年 | 41篇 |
2020年 | 68篇 |
2019年 | 91篇 |
2018年 | 2460篇 |
2017年 | 2216篇 |
2016年 | 1384篇 |
2015年 | 203篇 |
2014年 | 273篇 |
2013年 | 664篇 |
2012年 | 629篇 |
2011年 | 2089篇 |
2010年 | 2015篇 |
2009年 | 1713篇 |
2008年 | 1680篇 |
2007年 | 2006篇 |
2006年 | 214篇 |
2005年 | 482篇 |
2004年 | 559篇 |
2003年 | 645篇 |
2002年 | 330篇 |
2001年 | 123篇 |
2000年 | 136篇 |
1999年 | 59篇 |
1998年 | 96篇 |
1997年 | 37篇 |
1996年 | 81篇 |
1995年 | 58篇 |
1994年 | 61篇 |
1993年 | 58篇 |
1992年 | 63篇 |
1991年 | 63篇 |
1990年 | 61篇 |
1989年 | 34篇 |
1988年 | 35篇 |
1987年 | 46篇 |
1986年 | 60篇 |
1985年 | 73篇 |
1984年 | 73篇 |
1983年 | 44篇 |
1982年 | 48篇 |
1981年 | 56篇 |
1980年 | 48篇 |
1979年 | 47篇 |
1978年 | 53篇 |
1977年 | 54篇 |
1976年 | 49篇 |
1975年 | 36篇 |
1974年 | 29篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
971.
Assessing fiscal sustainability subject to policy changes: a Markov switching cointegration approach
We propose a Markov switching cointegration approach to assess long run fiscal sustainability. This method allows us to simultaneously:
(1) test for cointegration in the presence of significant fiscal policy changes; (2) assess the type of fiscal regime that
a country experienced at a given period and (3) analyse the timing of the transition between the estimated regime types. Given
its flexibility, our approach enable us to uncover a richer and more complex dynamics in the analysis of fiscal sustainability,
which standard linear cointegration methods fail to capture. 相似文献
972.
One of the main goals of the European Union, laid down, inter alia, in the Lisbon Strategy and in the “Europe 2020” Strategy, is to raise employment. One important means of supporting the
creation of new jobs is to increase competition. In this paper, it is shown that on average the mark-up, i.e. the deviation
of prices from marginal cost in the euro area still exceeds the levels observed in the UK and in the US. After completion
of the Single Market Programme in 1993, the mark-up has declined in the euro area and even more in the UK. Nevertheless, there
is a strong cross-country variation between Member States, with a particularly high mark-up ratio found for Italy. Panel estimations
show that total factor productivity growth, labour productivity growth and the labour market performance in the euro area
could be improved by reducing the mark-up. This could be achieved by a proper institutional design. More competition could
indeed improve the macroeconomic performance. 相似文献
973.
We study the channels parents use to make transfers to their children. First, we focus on the relationship between investments
in education and property transfers. Second, we turn to how property transfers are divided between inter vivos gifts and bequests. We use a Swedish dataset that is superior to previously used data as it contains information on both
gifts and inheritances received from parents. We estimate models for the probabilities of having university education, receiving
gifts, and receiving inheritances. In addition, we estimate models for gift and inheritance amounts. We find that the more
resources parents have, the higher the likelihood of transfers, and that the correlation between receiving inter vivos gifts and inheritances is very high. Finally, women are more likely to have university education and to receive gifts, and
daughters receive gifts of larger amounts than sons, although there are no differences in terms of inheritance. 相似文献
974.
The purpose in this article is to evaluate the consistency between two measures of unemployment in a cross-country context.
We use the European Community Household Panel to identify unemployment at an individual level based as well on the ILO criteria
for being classified as unemployed as on the individual respondent reporting to be unemployed. This opens a unique opportunity
to compare unemployment measured in two different ways based on a cross European Union panel study covering the years 1994
to 2001. The two main questions addressed in this article are to which extent the two unemployment measures differ and whether
transition rates out of unemployment depend on which concept we use. Both questions are answered in the affirmative. The overall
conclusion is that it is important, especially in some of the EU countries, to include both measures of unemployment as guidelines
and indicators for policy. 相似文献
975.
Finance–growth nexus: does causality withstand financial liberalization? Evidence from cointegrated VAR 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Alessandra Dal Colle 《Empirical Economics》2011,41(1):127-154
The main finding of the paper is that, contrary to Rousseau and Wachtel (Economic growth and financial depth. Is the relationship extinct already? UNU-Wider discussion paper no. 2005/10, 2005), a long-run equilibrium relationship between financial and economic development is identified with data up to 2006—well over the financial openness boom of the nineties—in countries whose history is characterized by numerous years of high inflation and/or episodes of crisis or other structural change. Also, financial openness, or lack thereof, proves to be an important feature both in explaining differences in sensitivity of financial development to capital accumulation and in determining the direction of causality between financial and economic development. The paper finds that bidirectional causality between economic and financial development is not as frequent an outcome as in Luintel and Khan (J Dev Econ 60:381–405, 1999), and in several cases, Joan Robinson’s (The generalization of the general theory in the rate of interest, and other essays, Macmillan, London, pp 67–142, 1952) statement on the primacy of economic development over finance is supported by the estimations. 相似文献
976.
This study identifies the main shocks that cause fluctuations in French output and their channels of transmission. It uses
a large-dimensional structural approximate dynamic factor model. There are three main findings. First, common shocks, especially
demand shocks, which seem to originate from the U.S., play an important role in explaining French economic activity. While
international trade, relative prices, and foreign direct investment (FDI) flows are the main channels of transmission, the
stock market, consumer confidence, and interest rates also matter. Second, France’s integration with the rest of the world
has increased over time. Third, there is some tentative evidence of regional components in explaining French output fluctuations;
country-specific components also contribute. The predominance of exogenous factors affecting French output, the asymmetry
in the transmission of shocks, and France’s participation in a currency area argue for making French goods, services, and
labor markets as flexible as possible. 相似文献
977.
A simple endogenous growth model is developed to characterize credit rationing through the capital accumulation process. The model shows that credit rationing on investment loans decreases as capital accumulates and the enforcement cost decreases. We find that the evolution of the interest rate factor (lending interest rate/depositing interest rate) has a similar pattern to the credit rationing probability. However, simulations show that the evolution of the interest rate spread through the capital accumulation process depends on the degree of the enforcement cost. In the empirical part of the paper, we consider fifty-two countries, at different stages of development, over the period 1995–2005. We confirm the theoretical findings relative to the evolution of the interest rate spread and interest rate factor with capital accumulation. These results suggest that, for economies endowed with costly contract enforcement, the interest rate factor could be a better proxy of credit rationing than the interest rate spread. 相似文献
978.
Paul van den Noord 《Empirica》2011,38(1):19-51
The fiscal cost of the financial and economic crisis in Europe is huge. The paper provides provisional estimates of this cost
and looks at its implications for the sustainability of public finances, taking into account also the impact of aging populations.
The historical experience suggests that economic growth is persistently lowered in the aftermath of financial crisis, making
fiscal consolidation more difficult yet all the more essential. Meanwhile the timing of the exit from fiscal stimulus and
subsequent fiscal consolidation must reconcile sustainability and stabilisation goals—a delicate balancing act. The paper
will argue in favour of structural reform to boost the economic growth potential alongside fiscal consolidation. The fiscal
coordination framework in the EU, together with the Europe 2020 strategy, is seen to underpin this approach. 相似文献
979.
Fritz Breuss 《Empirica》2011,38(1):131-152
Inspired by Dornbusch’s model of exchange rate overshooting we develop a theory of stock market behaviour and its impact on
the real economy. The idea is that stock market prices overshoot and undershoot their long-run equilibrium values which are
determined by the development in the real economy. The overshooting is triggered primarily by a loose monetary policy. With
our model we explain the genesis of the global financial crisis (GFC) 2008/2009 primarily as the result of a loose monetary
policy in the USA. Following the overshooting and crash in the stock market the real economy dropped into a recession. After
modelling the interaction of three markets with different speed of adjustment—money, stocks and goods—for a closed economy
we expand it to an open economy and lastly study the spillovers of a financial market crisis between countries (from a large
to a small country) by introducing the transmission channels of external trade or cross-border financial transactions. A long-lasting
monetary easing as exhibiting by the Fed and the ECB since 2007 and 2008, respectively could—according to our model—generate
another boom-bust cycle. 相似文献
980.
The challenges posed by the economic downturn on baccalaureate nursing schools in the southeast as it relates to their perceptions of changes in the number of applicants, acceptance rates, employer recruitment efforts, and student clinical and job placement were explored. Responses from deans and program directors indicated nursing schools are experiencing negative effects of the economic downturn in the form of graduates having difficulty finding employment, decreased recruitment efforts from prospective employers, difficulty locating clinical placements for students, and no change in faculty applicants despite an increase in undergraduate student applicants as well as graduate student applicants. These multiple factors combined could signal the death knell for programs that are ill-prepared to deal with such a crisis. Programs need to be aggressive in their efforts to draw health care recruiters as well as qualified faculty applicants to their campuses. Nursing schools must be able to clearly show why their graduates are superior to other programs' graduates when competing for both highly qualified faculty applicants and prospective student employers. 相似文献