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991.
T. L. P. Tang 《Journal of Business Ethics》2007,72(4):375-393
This paper examines a model of income and quality of life that controls the love of money, job satisfaction, gender, and marital
status and treats employment status (full-time versus part-time), income level, and gender as moderators. For the whole sample,
income was not significantly related to quality of life when this path was examined alone. When all variables were controlled,
income was negatively related to quality of life. When (1) the love of money was negatively correlated to job satisfaction and (2) job satisfaction was positively related to both income and quality of life, income
was negatively related to quality of life for full-time, high-income, and male employees. When these two conditions failed
to exist, income was not related to quality of life for part-time, median- or low-income, and female employees. This model
provides new insights regarding the impact of the love of money and job satisfaction on the income–quality of life relationship.
Thomas Li-Ping Tang (Ph.D., Case Western Reserve University) is a Full Professor of Management in the Department of Management
and Marketing, Jennings A. Jones College of Business at Middle Tennessee State University (MTSU), Murfreesboro, Tennessee,
37132. He has taught Industrial and Organizational Psychology at National Taiwan University and at MTSU. Professor Tang teaches
(has taught) EMBA courses in China and France. He serves (has served) on the editorial review board of six journals and as
a reviewer for 26 journals around the world. Professor Tang’s research interests focus upon people’s work motivation, compensation,
money attitudes, the Love of Money, pay satisfaction, turnover, stress, and cross-cultural issues. He has published more than
100 journal articles in top behavior sciences and management journals, including Journal of Applied Psychology, Personnel Psychology, Human Relations, Journal of Management, Management Research, Management
and Organization Review, Journal of Organizational Behavior, Journal of Business Ethics, Journal of Managerial Psychology,
European Sport Management Quarterly, Journal of Higher Education, and others. He has presented more than 185 papers in professional conferences and invited seminars in Austria, China, Czech
Republic, Finland, France, Greece, Hong Kong, Italy, Mexico, New Zealand, Singapore, Spain, Taiwan, the UK, the US, and other
countries. His research has been cited in many languages, textbooks of several fields (e.g., Management Organizational Behavior,
Human Resources Management, Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Human Relations, Compensation, and Statistics), and
popular books. He was the winner of two Outstanding Research Awards (1991, 1999), and Distinguished International Service
Award (1999) at Middle Tennessee State University. He also received the Best Reviewer Award from the International Management
Division of the Academy of Management in Seattle, WA (2003). 相似文献
992.
In this article, we document the growing influence of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the realm of socially responsible
investing (SRI). Drawing from ethical and economic perspectives on stakeholder management and agency theory, we develop a
framework to understand how and when NGOs will be most influential in shaping the ethical and social responsibility orientations
of business using the emergence of SRI as the primary influencing vehicle. We find that NGOs have opportunities to influence
corporate conduct via direct, indirect, and interactive influences on the investment community, and that the overall influence
of NGOs as major actors in socially responsible investment is growing, with attendant consequences for corporate strategy,
governance, and social performance. 相似文献
993.
Organizational dissidence: The case of whistle-blowing 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
Research on whistle-blowing has been hampered by a lack of a sound theoretical base. In this paper, we draw upon existing theories of motivation and power relationships to propose a model of the whistle-blowing process. This model focuses on decisions made by organization members who believe they have evidence of organizational wrongdoing, and the reactions of organization authorities. Based on a review of the sparse empirical literature, we suggest variables that may affect both the members' decisions and the organization's responses. 相似文献
994.
Steven P. Feldman 《Journal of Business Ethics》2007,72(4):395-409
Recent research on the role of ethics in the organizational culture literature found practically the whole literature reduced
to a debate between ethical rationalism and ethical relativism. The role of the past in the form of tradition to maintain
and improve moral reflection is completely missing. To address this gap in the literature on the level of practice, the concepts
of moral memory and moral tradition are applied to data on 22 companies that have long-standing moral practices. In this way,
the practice of moral traditions can be explored with recent conceptual advances and a list of best practices delineated.
Moral memory is the recollection of and attachment to the succession of past events and experiences that maintains moral tradition.
Moral tradition is the continuing transmission and reception of related moral themes through multiple generations of employees.
It is found that companies that maintain moral traditions tend to develop “family” cultures with considerable compassion for
workers as persons who have non-economic needs and rights. These companies also temper the role of leadership, insisting that
leaders are responsible for and are evaluated by the company’s moral traditions. Finally, moral traditions are essential mechanisms
through which companies paradoxically both stimulate and limit competitive behavior.
Steven P. Feldman is Associate Professor of Management Policy, Weatherhead School of Management, Case Western Reserve University.
Over the last decade, Dr. Feldman’s research has explored the role of moral memory and moral tradition in the ethical aspects
of organizations. His book, Memory as a Moral Decision: The Role of Ethics in Organizational Culture (2002), found that the
emotional and cognitive aspects of memory to be key in establishing moral organizational cultures. The moral importance of
the past in the present has received little attention in the literature on organizational culture. Winner of the Distinguished
Lectureship in Business Ethics from the American Fulbright Program, Dr.␣Feldman will be carrying out research on ethical issues
in American-Chinese business relations in Shanghai in 2007. 相似文献
995.
Robert P. GarrettJr Chao Miao Shanshan Qian Tae Jun Bae 《Small Business Economics》2017,49(2):355-378
Entrepreneurial spawning is the transitory process by which employees of an existing firm leave their employment to initiate a new business venture. There is a lack of consensus regarding the predictors of entrepreneurial spawning. We used meta-analysis to analyze 28 studies (with 128 effect sizes) to examine the predictors of entrepreneurial spawning. Based on knowledge-based perspective, we hypothesize that employee characteristics (age, education, and job position) and parent firm characteristics (firm age, firm performance, and firm diversity) are significantly related to entrepreneurial spawning. We identified two inverted U-shaped relationships (age and tenure with entrepreneurial spawning) based on our meta-analytic hierarchical multiple regression analyses. Based on labor market rigidity perspectives, we also examined how country region (North America versus Europe) moderates the relationships between employee characteristics and entrepreneurial spawning and between parent firm characteristics and entrepreneurial spawning. Our paper provides theoretical and practical implications. 相似文献
996.
Die deutsche Nettozahlerposition innerhalb der EU wird in der ?ffentlichen Meinung h?ufig kritisch beurteilt. Wie funktioniert
das Finanzierungssystem der EU? Worauf l?sst sich die Auszahlungsstruktur zurückführen? Ist der Nutzen der EU-Mitgliedschaft
allein anhand der Zahlungsstr?me zu messen?
Prof. Dr. Lars P. Feld, 40, ist Inhaber des Lehrstuhls für Finanzwissenschaft am Alfred-Weber-Institut für Wirtschaftswissenschaften
der Ruprecht-Karls-Universit?t Heidelberg und Mitglied des wissenschaftlichen Beirats des Bundesministeriums der Finanzen;
Dr. Jan Schnellenbach, 33, ist wissenschaftlicher Assistent am Alfred-Weber-Institut. 相似文献
997.
Trade deflection and trade depression 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
This is the first paper to empirically examine whether a country's use of an import restricting trade policy distorts a foreign country's exports to third markets. We first develop a theoretical model of worldwide trade in which the imposition of antidumping and safeguard tariffs, or “trade remedies,” by one country causes significant distortions in world trade flows. We then empirically test this model by investigating the effect of the United States' use of such import restrictions on Japanese exports of roughly 4800 products into 37 countries between 1992 and 2001. Our estimation yields evidence that US restrictions both deflect and depress Japanese export flows to third countries. Imposition of a US antidumping measure against Japan deflects trade, as the average antidumping duty on Japanese exports leads to a 5-7% increase in Japanese exports of the same product to the average third country market. The imposition of a US antidumping measure against a third country depresses trade, as the average US duty imposed on a third country leads to a 5-19% decrease in Japanese exports of that same product to the average third country's market. We also document the substantial variation in trade deflection and trade depression across different importing countries and exported products. 相似文献
998.
Accounting ethics failures have seized headlines and cost investors billions of dollars. Improvement of the ethical reasoning and behavior of accountants has become a key concern for the accounting profession and for higher education in accounting. Researchers have asked a number of questions, including what type of accounting ethics education intervention would be most effective for accounting students. Some researchers have proposed virtue ethics as an appropriate moral framework for accounting. This research tested whether Smithian virtue ethics training, based on Adam Smith’s “The Theory of Moral Sentiments” (1790/1976), is effective in improving accounting student’s cognitive moral development (CMD). This research used a pre-test, treatment, post-test, quasi-experimental design utilizing the Defining Issues Test 2 (DIT-2) instrument to measure students’ CMD. Analysis of DIT-2 gain scores did show a significant improvement in subjects’ personal interest scores and a significant improvement in an overall measure of CMD, the DIT N2 index, whereas their DIT-2 post-conventional scores did not improve significantly. This research supports the proposition that the concepts contained in Smithian virtue ethics can contribute to an effective accounting ethics education intervention. However, further research is required to determine what concepts should be included to improve accounting students’ post-conventional moral reasoning. 相似文献
999.
The Communication of Corporate Social Responsibility: United States and European Union Multinational Corporations 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This study explores corporate social responsibility (CSR) by conducting a cross-cultural analysis of communication of CSR
activities in a total of 16 U.S. and European corporations. Drawing on previous research contrasting two major approaches
to CSR initiatives, it was proposed that U.S. companies would tend to communicate about and justify CSR using economic or
bottom-line terms and arguments whereas European companies would rely more heavily on language or theories of citizenship,
corporate accountability, or moral commitment. Results supported this expectation of difference, with some modification. Specifically,
results indicated that EU companies do not value sustainability to the exclusion of financial elements, but instead project
sustainability commitments in addition to financial commitments. Further, U.S.-based companies focused more heavily on financial
justifications whereas EU-based companies incorporated both financial and sustainability elements in justifying their CSR activities. In addition, wide variance was found in both the
prevalence and use of specific CSR-related terminology. Cross-cultural distinctions in this use create implications with regard
to measurability and evidence of both strategic and bottom-line impact. Directions for further research are discussed.
Laura P. Hartman is a Professor of Business Ethics and Legal Studies in the Management Department in the College of Commerce
at DePaul University, as Associate Vice President for Academic Affairs of the University and as Research Director of DePaul’s
Institute for Business and Professional Ethics. She is also an invited professor at INSEAD (France), HEC (France), the University
of Melbourne, the Université Paul Cezanne Aix Marseille III and the Grenoble Graduate School of Business. She has been published
in, among other journals, Business Ethics Quarterly, Business & Society Review, Business Ethics: A European Review, and the
Journal of Business Ethics.
Robert S. Rubin is an Assistant Professor in the Management Department at DePaul University’s Kellstadt Graduate School of
Business. He received his PhD in organizational psychology from Saint Louis University. His current research interests include
transformational leadership, leader cynicism, social and emotional individual differences, and management education and development.
K. Kathy Dhanda is an Associate Professor at the Department of Management at DePaul University. Her areas of research include
sustainable supply chains, environmental networks, marketable permit modeling, sustainable management, and public policy. 相似文献
1000.
In this study, we draw on industrial organization and institutional research to explore the relationship between market convergence and standardization of advertising programs. We argue that environmental isomorphism, which maintains that the external market environment is a principal driver of firms’ institutional structures, places pressure on firms to adapt their organizational structures and strategies to changing institutional conditions. We propose that the convergence associated with European market integration will lead firms to emphasize three advertising strategies: creating a uniform brand image, appealing to cross-market segments, and increasing cost performance in advertising. Further, we hypothesize that these strategies will be associated with an overall tendency to standardize advertising strategy and execution. Results of a survey of managers of subsidiaries of Japanese and U.S. firms operating in the EU suggest that firms that believe the EU is converging are more likely to engage in these standardized advertising strategies. Additionally, our findings suggest that firms that seek to create a uniform brand image and appeal to cross-market segments are more likely to standardize their overall advertising programs. Finally, we find that firms’ desire to create a uniform brand image is a function of their goal of building brand equity, regardless of the level to which markets converge. We draw implications for research and practice regarding firm responses to market convergence. 相似文献