BOOK REVIEWSS

Gordon, John S. and Jack R. Arnold, Profitable Exporting: A Complete Guide to Marketing Your Products Abroad, New York: John Wiley &; Sons, 1988, vii + 358 pages.

Haggard, Stephan and Chung-in Moon (Eds.), Pacific Dynamics: The International Politics of Industrial Change, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1989, ix + 389 pages.

Eichengreen, Barry, and Lindert, Peter H. (Eds.), The International Debt Crisis in Historical Perspective, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1989, 282 pages.

Cohen, Richard, World Trade and Payments Cycles: The Advance and Retreat of the Postwar Order, New York: Praeger Publishers, 1989, xxiii + 229 pages.

Schaffer, Matt, Winning the Countertrade War: New Export Strategies for America, New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1989, xvii + 226 pages.

Grimwade, Nigel, International Trade: New Patterns of Trade Production and Investment, New York: Routledge, 1989, xv + 459 pages.

Salvatore, Dominick, International Economics, 3rd ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1990, xxxii + 695 pages.

Hibbert, Edgar P., The Management of International Trade Promotion, London: Routledge, 1990, x + 287 pages.

United Nations Centre on Transnational Corporations, Services and Development: The Role of Foreign Direct Investment and Trade, New York: United Nations, 1989, x + 181 pages.

Friedländer, Michael (Ed.), Foreign Trade in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1990, xiii + 241 pages.

Rollo, J. M. C., The New Eastern Europe: Western Responses, New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press, 1990, 137 pages.

Gill, William J., Trade Wars Against America: A History of United States Trade and Monetary Policy, New York: Praeger, 1990, xvi + 325 pages.

Destler, I. M., and C. Randall Henning, Dollar Politics: Exchange Rate Policy-making in the United States, Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics, 1989, xi + 174 pages.

Schott, Jeffrey J. (Ed.), Completing the Uruguay Round, Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics, 1990, x + 223 pages.     

欠发达地区高等学校常规筹资策略分析与建议

资金缺口问题是当前我国高等教育发展建设过程中遇到的重大难题。本文在研究欠发达地区高校资金缺口问题现状基础上,逐一分析了全部常规筹资策略,并依据数据模型论证了银行贷款限额及其与资金缺口间关系问题。认为欠发达地区高校追加银行贷款的空间已经不多。而债务期限转换、合作共建、融资租赁、BOT等筹资方式应是目前解决资金缺口问题的有效途径。     

中国商事法制近代化的回顾与反思

晚清修律宣告了中华法系7的解体,形成了中国法律近代化的第一次变潮,中国近代意义上、私法意义上的商事立法的出现,便是这场法律文明历史性变革的杰出成果之一。随着我国当前商事法制建设的进展,有无必要和可能制定一部统一的商法典已经成为一个必然要考虑的问题,而从中国商事法制近代化进程中寻找历史经验的支持无疑具有重要的现实意义。     

论大学生理想的社会化

理想的社会化是大学生社会化的一个重要方面,大学生理想的社会化包括三个方面:正确认识和处理个人理想和社会理想的关系;结合社会需要和个人实际情况确定科学的理想;具备在社会现实中实现理想的品质特征。要高度重视和正确对待大学生理想社会化这一问题,以使大学生树立正确理想和顺利实现理想。     

Mapping and analysing virtual outcrops

Laser scanning is a very efficient way to generate realistic, high-resolution digital models of 3-D geological outcrops. This paper discusses the methodologies involved in the creation and analysis of virtual outcrops, based on laser scanner data. The visualisation of the laser scanner data as a photorealistic 3-D object is described. Geological features picked out on the virtual outcrop (e.g. fractures, faults or bedding planes) can be extrapolated outward, into space, and inward, into the subsurface, using tension surfaces.     

Who enjoys ‘TRIPs’ abroad? An empirical analysis of intellectual property rights in the Uruguay Round

Abstract.  Analysis of the Uruguay Round is extended by quantifying the impact of the TRIPs agreement. The static costs of raising the standards of patent protection are captured by the transfers of income between countries, with the majority of countries estimated to make net payments abroad, the United States being a major beneficiary. To offset these transfers the model provides estimates of the dynamic benefits from the greater incentive to innovate, revealing that there is potential for all countries to benefit from the TRIPs agreement in the long run. However, the distribution of these benefits is highly skewed towards developed countries. JEL classification: O34, F43     

最优套期保值比率估计方法:演进与前沿

最佳套期保值比率（OHR）的估计方法是金融工程理论研究的核心问题之一。从20世纪初所谓的“幼稚”方法到1970年代趋于成熟的JSE方法，以及后来的HKM方法和Adler—Dumas方法等，每一类新方法从某种程度上说都更好地起到了保值效果。然而，它们共同的症结都在于所估计的OHR是不随时间而变化的。自1982年Engle提出ARCH模型以来，不少国外学者已经开始尝试将ARCH／GARCH模型应用到OHR的研究中，从而求得动态的（或时变的）OHR，以期待衍生工具的套期保值效率得到进一步的提高。     

Accessing other people’s technology for non–profit research

As patents and other forms of intellectual property become more pervasive in the next generation of biotechnologies, designing policies and practices to ensure sufficient freedom to operate (i.e., the ability to practice or use an innovation) will be crucial for non–profit research agencies, especially those intent on developing technologies destined for commercial release. Are non–profit organisations exempt from intellectual property claims? What constitutes infringement of a patent? How does a non–profit establish its freedom to operate? We address these issues in this paper and evaluate various options for accessing other people’s technologies. Options include cross–licensing agreements, research–only or cost–free licences, market segmentation strategies, mergers or joint ventures, and patent pooling or clearinghouse mechanisms. Responding creatively to the new intellectual property environment will have far reaching consequences for the future of non–profit research.