How does knowledge depth moderate the performance of internal and external knowledge sourcing strategies?

Management literature has consistently shown that knowledge is the most important source of competitive advantage for a firm. However, it is still not clear how knowledge can lead to competitive advantage, and how firms can find strategies to leverage their knowledge bases. This study considers the strategic implications of knowledge depth and three knowledge-sourcing strategies: R&D, strategic alliances and acquisitions. The main and interaction effects of these factors were tested in the context of the US technology firms. The results confirmed the strategic role of knowledge and external leveraging strategies. We also found that technology firms with weak knowledge depth should focus on internal R&D to accumulate knowledge in core technology areas, while those with strong knowledge depth should lower internal R&D intensity and shift their strategic resources to inter-firm alliances and acquisitions.     

Transnational entrepreneurs,worldchanging entrepreneurs,and ambassadors: a typology of the new breed of expatriates

As barriers to globalization have steadily diminished, the number of entrepreneurial and noncommercial expatriates have grown from a trickle to a torrent. Much of what we know about expatriatism may not apply to this new breed of expatriates. A four-quadrant typology of expatriates draws attention to important differences in expatriate types. I make use of the notions of comparative fit and normative fit from self-categorization theory to validate the typology. Examining the experiences of 160 expatriates demonstrates that the proposed typology represents real differences and is invoked by expatriates in the field. Scholars may apply this typology to explain inconsistent findings in extant studies and as a guide for the development of new research questions.     

The influence of variables of attitude on collective entrepreneurship

In the current global corporate climate that surrounds us, firms would do well to encourage the talent and creativity of their employees in order to achieve success. This is achieved, not by giving priority to individual talent, but by optimizing the collective as a whole and the firm’s activity based on team work and joint effort. Heads of organizations might benefit from creating a favorable context for the birth and growth of collective internal cooperation, which is understood to be the collective ability to create and innovate on the part of the team, the firm or the organization. Having contrasted our hypotheses through research on Spanish firms, we have concluded that job satisfaction and commitment to the team are factors that have a direct and positive effect on collective entrepreneurship.     

Recent evidence on the impact of government budget deficits on the ex ante real interest rate yield on Moody’s Baa-rated corporate bonds

This study provides recent empirical evidence on the impact of the federal budget deficit on the ex ante real interest rate yield on Moody’s Baa-rated corporate bonds. The study is couched within an open loanable funds model that includes the ex ante real short term real interest rate, the M1 money supply, net international capital inflows, and the unemployment rate. Using quarterly data for the period 1973.1–2007.4, two-stage least squares estimation reveals that the federal budget deficit, expressed as a percent of GDP, exercised a positive and statistically significant impact on the ex ante real interest rate yield on these corporate issues.     

The State of Public Sector Unionism: Challenges and Opportunities

The face of unionism in the United States is becoming increasingly public sector. On the surface, public sector unionism appears as a bright spot for labor. A more careful examination of the data, however, reveals that such unionism is at a standstill. Absolute growth has been insufficient to offset losses in private industry, and it is largely tied to increases in public employment. Public employee unions face numerous serious challenges, and questions have been raised in the federal service about the very legitimacy of union representation. Future scenarios suggest that public sector unionism as a whole will likely remain in a more or less stagnant position.     

基于生态工业园的集群企业物流逆向化耦合驱动分析

以生态工业园视角研究了集群式供应链物流逆向化,首先分析了生态工业周与集群式供应链两者耦合的基本框架,在此基础上提出了耦合的驱动层级、驱动机理和驱动模式等,为耦合提供了合理的依据,对生态工业园的构建起到了一定的指导意义.     

Allocation model for theme park advertising budget

This paper treats advertising budgeting, which is a challenging issue for academicians and practitioners. A problem-solving tool, namely Project Advancement (PA), is employed to identify the characteristics of the budget allocation issue the advertising manager faces with. In line with the characteristics (i.e., fundamental objective (FO), the length of value-based time limit of advertising campaigns, and advancement strategy of advertising campaigns), an efficient allocation model for achieving the FO is then constructed. A case of theme park advertising budgeting throughout this paper provides insights into this approach and yields illustrations to the allocation model. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is employed for estimate of objective coefficients of the allocation model. Managerial implications are identified with regard to using the new approach.