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941.
Toyotaka Sakai 《Economic Theory》2008,37(2):347-356
Auction theory usually assumes the quasi-linearity of individual preferences. We drop this assumption and define an extension
of second price mechanisms that applies to general preferences. It turns out that the extended second price mechanisms are
the only rules satisfying efficiency, strategy-proofness, and a mild non-imposition property. Their definition is simple just as much as the definition of usual second price mechanisms:
everyone reports his maximum willingness to pay and the bidder whose reported value is highest buys the auctioned object for
the price equal to the second highest reported value. The characterization is valid if efficiency is replaced by envy-freeness.
I gratefully acknowledge an associate editor and two anonymous referees for their very helpful comments. Hiroki Saitoh and
Shigehiro Serizawa independently obtain a result that is closely related to my main result (see, Remark in Sect. 1). I thank
them for sending me the paper and communication, and Yuji Fujinaka for informing me about their work. I also thank the financial
support by KAKENHI (19310031). 相似文献
942.
Johan Willner 《Empirica》2008,35(5):449-464
This contribution analyses a market with an upstream bottleneck monopoly and a downstream activity that may either be vertically
integrated or separated. Separation always reduces the consumer surplus, and the total surplus unless there are large cost
reductions. Downstream competition from a public or private network monopoly would crowd out other firms, also when public
ownership is associated with more modest objectives than welfare-maximisation. A market is therefore less likely to remain
a mixed oligopoly than without vertical relations. However, private firms would survive in a moderately welfare-improving
mixed oligopoly with cross-subsidisation and access charges equal to marginal costs.
相似文献
Johan WillnerEmail: |
943.
Using a two-regime model of the inflation-unemployment process for US data 1960:2 to 2000:2, this paper finds strong evidence
to support the Eisner puzzle, which occurs when the short-run Phillips curve (SRPC) is flatter at low rates of unemployment
than at higher rates. The puzzling aspect of this pattern is the expectation of excess demand to become apparent at very low
rates of unemployment causing the SRPC to be steep rather than fairly flat. We show the puzzle can be resolved by estimating
a three-regime model which reveals a steep SRPC at very low rates of unemployment. The estimates of the three regime model
also reveal a horizontal SRPC at intermediate rates of unemployment, implying the existence of a range of equilibrium rates
of unemployment at those intermediate rates.
相似文献
Ian M. McDonaldEmail: |
944.
It is well known that the profitability of horizontal mergers with quantity competition is scarce. However, in an asymmetric
Stackelberg market we obtain that some mergers are profitable. Our main result is that mergers among followers become profitable
when the followers are inefficient enough. In this case, leaders reduce their output when followers merge and this reduction
renders the merger profitable. This merger increases price and welfare is reduced.
相似文献
945.
Emilio Galdeano-Gómez 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2008,40(1):73-89
The aim of this paper is to analyse the relationship between environmental and economic performance from the resource-based
theory within firms of the fresh fruit and vegetables sector. This study considers that the adoption of environment-friendly
practices has a greater influence on firms’ opportunities and abilities in the agricultural sector than in manufacturing sectors
and leads to closer links between performance variables. The reference for this empirical analysis is a panel data of horticultural
farming-marketing firms in Spain. The voluntary environmental programmes and the heterogeneity of their application lead us
to regard acquiring a competitive advantage as a relevant driver to improve environmental performance in this sector. A simultaneous
equations model is suggested reflecting the differential environmental effect and the assumption of endogeneity among variables.
The results show a positive impact of environmental differentiation on profitability and market share, also suggesting that
the perception of this positive experience implies greater environmental performance.
相似文献
946.
Karl-Göran Mäler 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2008,39(1):17-24
Two new important developments in environmental and resource economics is presented—non convex dynamics of ecosystems and
wealth as an indicator of sustainable development. Non convex dynamics imply existence of resilience, that is the robustness
of systems to withstand exogenous perturbations. Resilience can be regarded as an insurance against flips of the system into
different basins of stability. Sustainable development, according to the Bruntland report, is the provision of productive
resources to future generations to make it possible for them to live as well as the present generation. Thus, the value of
changes in productive assets is therefore an index of whether an economy is on a sustainable path or not. Resilience can be
regarded as one such productive asset and the paper discusses how one can define the value of this asset. 相似文献
947.
Pamela M. Schmitt 《Experimental Economics》2004,7(1):49-73
This study examines fairness perceptions in ultimatum bargaining games with asymmetric payoffs, outside options, and different information states. Fairness perceptions were dependent on treatment conditions. Specifically, when proposers had higher chip values, dollar offers were lower than when responders had higher chip values. When responders had an outside option, offers were higher and were rejected less often than when proposers had an outside option. However, a given offer was rejected more often when responders had an outside option. Therefore, similar to the first mover advantage, the “advantaged” or “entitled” player received a higher monetary payoff than they would otherwise. When there was complete information about payoff amounts (payoff conversion rates and outside options), rejections occurred more often, and given offer amounts were rejected more often than when there was incomplete information. When there was incomplete information, offers were higher in the initial rounds than in the final rounds. These results suggest that proposers made offers strategically, making offers that would not be rejected, rather than out of a concern for fairness. 相似文献
948.
Pierre Pestieau Uri M. Possen & Steven M. Slutsky 《Journal of Public Economic Theory》2004,6(2):337-374
Assuming the government cannot fully observe either individual types or incomes and jointly picks optimal taxes and audit policies against evasion can significantly alter standard results from optimal income taxation and tax‐evasion models, which treat these separately. We consider this when individuals differ in their risk preferences and incomes. Given the resulting complexity, supplementing analytic results with numerical analysis helps explain the structure of the resulting policies and how they change when the distribution of income or the revenue requirements of the government change. We do this analysis with and without audit errors and with incomes exogenous or affected by occupational choice. 相似文献
949.
Financial Innovation and Divisia Money in Taiwan: Comparative Evidence from Neural Network and Vector Error-Correction Forecasting Models 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Jane M. Binner Alicia M. Gazely Shu-Heng Chen Bin-Tzong Chie 《Contemporary economic policy》2004,22(2):213-224
In this article a Divisia monetary index is constructed for the Taiwan economy, and its inflation forecasting potential is compared with that of its traditional simple sum counterpart. The Divisia index is adjusted in two ways to allow for the financial liberalization that Taiwan has experienced since the 1970s. The powerful artificial intelligence technique of neural networks is used and is found to beat the conventional econometric techniques in a simple inflation forecasting experiment. The preferred inflation forecasting model is achieved using networks that employ a Divisia M2 measure of money that has been adjusted to incorporate a learning mechanism to allow individuals to gradually alter their perceptions of the increased productivity of money. The explanatory power of the two innovation-adjusted Divisia aggregates dominates that of the simple sum counterpart in the majority of cases. (JEL C4 , E4 , E5 ) 相似文献
950.