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991.
Kerkvliet Joe R. Nebesky William Tremblay Carol Horton Tremblay Victor J. 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》1998,10(3):271-288
This study demonstrates that the measurement of technological change and economic efficiency are tightly linked. Efficiency measures may depend on carefully controlling for technological change, while tests of technological change may be sensitive to empirical model specifications. Moreover, the study underlines Solow's (1994) and Romer's (1994) admonition that econometricians should pay attention to industry and institutional evidence in building models of technological change. The empirical results presented here suggest that there has been substantial technological change in the U.S. brewing industry from 1950 to 1992. This occurred in the form of a dramatic shift in technology beginning with the introduction of super breweries in about 1972. There has also been a substantial increase in scale economies, which undoubtedly caused many inefficiently small firms to exit the industry during the 1960s and 1970s. Further results suggest that a more complete specification of technological change and the stochastic nature of the frontier production function leads to higher and more tenable estimates of efficiency. 相似文献
992.
Sameer R. Rege 《Review of urban and regional development studies : RURDS : journal of the Applied Regional Conference》2001,13(2):123-142
WTO membership for India implies cutting tariffs in a phased manner. A general equilibrium approach is used to evaluate its impacts. The study analyses both the reduction and elimination of tariffs. With a small country assumption, there are welfare gains by liberalizing trade. With a large country assumption, welfare gains are observed when a CET transformation function is used and welfare loss in its absence. 相似文献
993.
D.R. Bellhouse 《Revue internationale de statistique》2000,68(2):123-136
De Vetula , a poem that contains probability calculations on the throw of three dice, was written in the mid-thirteenth century. The poem was widely circulated, read and quoted. There is strong evidence that some of the medieval readers clearly understood how the probability calculations were obtained. Based on the discussion given here, it is put forward that an elementary probability calculus was established and known in Europe from about the year 1250. A translation of the relevant section of the poem is given. 相似文献
994.
R. Martínez-Espiñeira 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2007,37(2):335-360
The willingness to pay (WTP) for a coyote conservation program is estimated using a novel payment-vehicle, based on how many
‚problem’ coyotes respondents would be willing to sponsor for a year. This hypothetical scenario mimics an increasingly popular
type of actual market. Data from a phone survey conducted in Prince Edward Island are analyzed using count data models that
consider different processes explaining zero responses and the level of positive responses. This is particularly important
in the case of coyotes, often regarded as an economic bad. Estimates of WTP per coyote per year around $18–$22 and annual
WTP per contributor of about $46–$57 are obtained.
相似文献
995.
R. Bin Wong 《Economics of Governance》2001,2(1):69-83
This article considers the distinct ways in which Chinese and European governments have historically approached taxation. The similarities of popular resistance in both regions to taxation deemed illegitimate contrast with the diverse solutions to tax collection put forward under varied political systems. Differences in state relations with elites, the intensity of demands for revenues and the kinds of strategies developed to secure additional funding contribute to the definition of distinct patterns of political change. Tax operations can therefore serve as a useful diagnostic for comparing broader economic and political developments in China and Europe over the past several centuries. Received: August 28, 1999 / Accepted: January 20, 2000 相似文献
996.
997.
Matthias Baum Christian Schwens Rüdiger Kabst 《Journal of Small Business Management》2011,49(3):305-330
We examine determinants of different types of International New Ventures (INVs), namely Export Start‐up, Geographically Focused Start‐up, Multinational Trader, and Global Start‐up. Whereas this typology of INVs has been widely accepted in the literature, empirical testing of the determinants of INV types is largely missing. Our arguments build on the International New Venture Theory (INVT). Hypotheses generated from our framework are tested on 195 German high‐tech enterprises. Results show that growth orientation, prior international experience, knowledge intensity, product differentiation, and learning orientation distinguish significantly between the different INV types. 相似文献
998.
Using Simulation and Data Envelopment Analysis to Compare Assembly Line Balancing Solutions 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This paper presents a technique for comparing the results of different assembly line balancing strategies by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Initially, several heuristics--which can be thought of as assembly line balancing strategies--were used to solve seven line-balancing problems. The resulting line balance solutions provided two pieces of information that were of particular interest: the number of workers needed and the amount of equipment needed. These two items were considered inputs for DEA. The different line balance solutions were then used as layouts for simulated production runs. From the simulation experiments, several output performance measures were obtained which were of particular interest and were used as outputs for DEA. The analysis shows that DEA is effective in suggesting which line balancing heuristics are most promising. 相似文献
999.
Affirmative action is defined as the steps taken to end the absence in jobs, schools, and honored positions of members of groups that have been subordinated. Its purpose is to reduce discrimination, to reduce income disparities between groups, and to promote diversity by gender and race in every role and activity. The persistence of occupational segregation by sex and race to a degree that cannot be explained by differences in qualifications or voluntary behavior testifies to the need for further action. Alternatives to affirmative action, such as helping people regardless of race or sex from disadvantaged backgrounds, “just enforcing the law against discrimination”, or waiting for educational improvements to bring groups better qualifications would not do the job affirmative action is designed to do. 相似文献
1000.
This paper explores bond immunization for additive term structure models. This class of term structures contains many models that are commonly used in the duration and immunization literature. We establish the necessary and sufficient conditions for immunization and prove the existence of a bond portfolio that satisfies the immunization condition. Based upon the immunization condition, we develop a general definition of duration that applies to any additives term structure model. 相似文献