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121.
This paper analyzes the role of verification of product availability in the context of competitive price-matching guarantees
(PMGs). PMGs involve a retailer matching any lower price offered by competition for an identical item. Until now, researchers
focused on the scenario where customers can receive the lower price with a simple proof (e.g., weekly flyers). However, in
reality, retailers reserve the right to verify the availability at the competitor location; if the product is not available
there, then the price-match request might be declined. We develop a price competition model to investigate the effects of
verification of availability on price decisions and profit levels of competing retailers. In our model, demand is driven by
the availability levels of retailers as well as the price-search cost and store-switching cost incurred by customers. Price-search
cost leads to two customer segments: uninformed ones who have no knowledge about prices, and informed ones who are knowledgeable
about prices. On the other hand, store-switching cost determines how many customers search for the product at an alternative
location because of high price or unavailability at their preferred retailers. Our analysis reveals, among others, that the
outcome of availability verification is linked to three factors: price-search cost, store-switching cost, and the reservation
prices of customer segments. Verification of availability allows retailers to price discriminate customers who could not be discriminated otherwise, specifically those belonging to the informed customer segment. Furthermore,
it is a significant profit-enhancing mechanism only if there are switching customers in the market. Interestingly, even though customers view the verification of availability as
a hassle, it can actually result in them paying lower retail prices by increasing the level of retail price competition. 相似文献
122.
123.
Economists are currently divided over the question of what represents a more immediate threat to the global economy — deflation
or excessive inflation. Using stochastic simulations, this article extrapolates the likely inflation rates in individual European
countries and the euro area as a whole. The results indicate that as the financial crisis continues to subside, policymakers
should be vigilant about expeditiously rolling back the unconventional monetary policy measures implemented during the crisis. 相似文献
124.
This article examines how entrepreneurs in the United States, Japan, France, and Canada perceive success. The research examined the perceptions of success, the basis by which success is judged, specific success criteria, major obstacles overcome along the path to success, and the attributes and eucational experiences considered most important in achieving success. 相似文献
125.
Indrajit Ray 《Economic Theory》2001,17(1):223-231
Summary. This paper compares the sets of Nash, coalition- proof Nash and strong Nash equilibrium payoffs of normal form games which
are closely related. We propose sufficient conditions for equivalent or closely related games to have identical sets of equilibrium payoffs.
Received: April 23, 1999; revised version: November 23, 1999 相似文献
126.
This paper presents a parsimonious barrier model for the optimal principal reset in a loan modification, thereby maximizing the loan value to the lender bank and minimizing the likelihood of strategic foreclosure by the homeowner. Writing down the loan-to-value (LTV) ratio will reduce the present value of future payments on the loan, but will also reduce the probability of default, thereby saving foreclosure losses. The optimal trade-off of these two countervailing effects will pinpoint the optimal LTV at which the loan must be reset. We present a simple barrier option decomposition of the loan value that makes the optimization of LTV easy to implement. An extension of the model is shown to account for varying growth rate assumptions about house prices. The model in this paper specifically accounts for the homeowner’s willingness to pay, and uses the framework to model shared-appreciation mortgages (SAMs). 相似文献
127.
If energy policy is to get the mix of fuels right, it must ensure that consumers are faced with their true relative costs. That requires radical changes in the way prices are set as between nationalised industries as well as for commercial and domestic users. 相似文献
128.
In doing business with China, poor supply chain performance is reported as being caused by either poor relationships between firms in China or the business environment in which firms in China have to operate. This research paper explores the relative importance of these two factors for food supply chains from Australia to China. Results are based on surveys of 84 importers, wholesalers and retailers in China and 22 Australian exporters and wholesalers. They show that the country itself had a greater influence than firm to firm relationships. Firms exporting food to China should therefore keep supply chains as short as possible to minimize the uncertainties associated with the business environment. 相似文献
129.
This article shows that large outmigration of labor leads to finite changes in the structure of production at source. We argue that sectors may vanish as they cannot pay higher wages consequent to emigration. We also inquire whether emigration of one type of labor hurts the other non‐emigrating type in this setup. Various situations when real incomes of the emigrating and the non‐emigrating types do not move together are demonstrated. This generalizes some of the existing results in the literature. In particular, emigration can lead to a drastic change in the degree of inequality depending on which of the sectors survive in the postemigration regime. 相似文献
130.