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91.
David G. Ripplinger Dermot J. Hayes A. Susana Goggi Kendall Lamkey 《American journal of agricultural economics》2009,91(2):322-334
Concerns about the risk of food supply contamination have limited the development and commercialization of certain pharmaceutical plants. This article develops an insurance pricing model that helps translate these concerns into a cost-benefit analysis. The model first estimates the physical dispersal of maize pollen subject to a number of weather parameters. This distribution is then validated with the limited amount of currently available field trial data. The physical distribution is then used to calculate the premium for a fair-valued insurance policy that would fund the destruction of possibly contaminated fields. The flexible framework can be readily adapted to other crops, management practices, and regions. 相似文献
92.
Corrado Di Maria Susana Ferreira Emiliya Lazarova 《Scottish journal of political economy》2010,57(1):48-67
Despite the potential energy savings and economic benefits associated with compact fluorescent light bulbs, their adoption by the residential sector has been limited to date. In this paper, we present a theoretical model that focuses on the agents' ability to perceive the correct cost of lighting and on the role of environmental attitudes as key determinants of the adoption decision. We use original data from Ireland to test our theoretical predictions. Our results emphasize the importance of education, information and environmental awareness in the adoption decision. 相似文献
93.
This article provides an overview of flood risk management in the United States, focusing on the National Flood Insurance Program and the Community Ratings System (CRS), which is designed to promote flood hazard mitigation. We review the empirical literature that examines market penetration and demand for flood insurance, as well as factors that influence community participation in CRS. Combining data from separate (but similar) surveys conducted in Dare County, North Carolina in 1998 and 2008, we examine trends in flood insurance holdings and explore the extensive (binary participation) and intensive (coverage level) margins using regression analysis. We explore trends in CRS mitigation activities in Dare County and discuss potential difficulties in analyzing these data. Finally, we highlight avenues for future research. 相似文献
94.
Autocratic tensions,cronyism, and the opacity of business information: party newspapers and circulation figures during the Francoist dictatorship (1939–1975)
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Autocracies draw their political power from cronyism and organized repression. The opacity of business information (economic censorship) protects these regimes and their crony firms from any opposition. However, autocracies might also desire to eliminate cronyism (and therefore opacity) because it dampens economic growth. Autocracies survive through repression that engenders tensions, as evident in the Spanish newspaper industry during the Francoist dictatorship. State control over this industry was important because the press disseminated news to the public. From 1939 to 1957, the autocracy institutionalized both cronyism and the opacity of circulation figures to sustain the political powers of Franco and the single party state. Opacity concealed the economic performance of newspapers owned by sole legal party and any distribution of resources in its favor. Franco authorized voluntary disclosure of reliable circulation figures in 1964, after eliminating cronyism in favor of a freer market. Repression guaranteed support for this industry until Franco's death. 相似文献
95.
Thomas R. Einarson Susana Maia-Lopes Pushpendra Goswami Basil G. Bereza Kristel Van Impe 《Journal of medical economics》2016,19(9):913-921
Objective: Patients with chronic schizophrenia suffer a huge burden, as do their families/caregivers. Treating schizophrenia is costly for health systems. The European Medicines Agency has approved paliperidone palmitate (PP-LAI; Xeplion), an atypical antipsychotic depot; however, its pharmacoeconomic profile in Portugal is unknown. A cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted from the viewpoint of the Portuguese National Health Service.Methods: PP-LAI was compared with long acting injectables risperidone (RIS-LAI) and haloperidol (HAL-LAI) and oral drugs (olanzapine; oral-OLZ) adapting a 1-year decision tree to Portugal, guided by local experts. Clinical information and costs were obtained from literature sources and published lists. Outcomes included relapses (both requiring and not requiring hospitalization) and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Costs were expressed in 2014 euros. Economic outcomes were incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs); including cost-utility (outcome?=?QALYs) and cost-effectiveness analyses (outcomes?=?relapse/hospitalization/emergency room (ER) visit avoided).Results: The base-case cost of oral-OLZ was 4447€ (20% drugs/20% medical/60% hospital); HAL-LAI cost 4474€ (13% drugs/13% medical/74% hospital); PP-LAI cost 5326€ (49% drugs/12% medical/39% hospital); RIS-LAI cost 6223€ (44% drugs/12% medical/44% hospital). Respective QALYs/hospitalizations/ER visits were oral-OLZ: 0.761/0.615/0.242; HAL-LAI: 0.758/0.623/0.250; PP-LAI: 0.823/0.288/0.122; RIS-LAI: 0.799/0.394/0.168. HAL-LAI was dominated by oral-OLZ and RIS-LAI by PP-LAI for all outcomes. The ICER of PP-LAI over oral-OLZ was 14,247€/QALY, well below NICE/Portuguese thresholds (≈24,800€/30,000€/QALY). ICERs were 1973€/relapse avoided and 2697€/hospitalization avoided. Analyses were robust against most variations in input values, as PP-LAI was cost-effective over oral-OLZ in >99% of 10,000 simulations.Conclusion: In Portugal, PP-LAI dominated HAL-LAI and RIS-LAI and was cost-effective over oral-OLZ with respect to QALYs gained, relapses avoided, and hospitalizations avoided. 相似文献
96.
Carla Susana Marques Jo?o Ferreira Ricardo Gouveia Rodrigues Mariza Ferreira 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2011,7(2):255-278
The literature suggests that all entrepreneurs share certain psychological and cognitive characteristics. Yoga is currently
experiencing a surge in popularity due to both the physical and psychological benefits gained by yogi (practitioners of yoga).
Irrespective of its more philosophical dimension, changes attributable to yoga have been identified in individuals’ psychological
and behavioural patterns. It is in this context that this study analyses the characteristics associated both with entrepreneurs
and yogis, seeking to specifically understand the respective personal attributes or the psychological and cognitive predispositions
of both groups. The results of this study demonstrate that students who do engage in yoga show a propensity towards or strengthening
of the psychological and cognitive attributes that are commonly associated with an entrepreneurial profile. Thus the study
suggests that if entrepreneurial behaviour is a priority, then yoga should be integrated as a compulsory subject into general
education from the primary school onwards. 相似文献
97.
98.
Susana Ferreira 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2007,37(2):361-376
This paper presents a simple way for countries to reap the benefits of trade liberalization without exacerbating problems
of overexploitation of natural resources. In the context of a Ricardo–Viner dynamic trade model, it is shown that when a binding
quantitative restriction regulates extraction of a natural resource, free trade is optimal. This is true even if the quantitative
restriction is not optimal. In contrast, in the presence of a suboptimal tax (including a zero tax in the special case of
open access) on the use of natural resources, trade liberalization is not necessarily welfare improving. 相似文献
99.
This paper undertakes a systematiccomparison of the contingent valuation (CV) andchoice experiments (CE) methods, andinvestigates the extent to which either of themare affected by insensitivity to scope. This isachieved by undertaking separate CV estimatesof willingness to pay for two nested publicgoods, both of which are explicitly included ina parallel CE survey. The results indicate thatCE values exhibit greater sensitivity to scopethan CV values. CE gives significantly largerresults than CV for the more inclusive publicgood and significantly smaller results for theless inclusive public good. 相似文献
100.
A group of Spanish researchers wanted to understand how public sector managers were affected by the accounting systems that provide their data and how such managers used the data at a time when Government policy sought to reduce cash expenditures. The group, who interviewed the managers of seven Galician Business Schools, found that the data was not used but further explanations were difficult. It turned to an Original Framework of 8 UK Issues for public sector managers handling data (Purdy, 1993a). This paper takes the Original Framework, discusses its bases, considers areas for research then introduces the concept of a Continuum of learning related to handling data. Successive amendments to the Framework are made until an Extended Framework of 19 Spanish Issues is produced. These Frameworks are discussed with the interview material. The findings show that the Issues were generally well covered by managers and in the direction anticipated by the Extended Framework indicating some relevance to this Framework. The independently collected material had a close correspondence with the Original Framework and was sufficient for that Framework to become a general research instrument for examining the handling of data by its recipients. 相似文献