Estimating the impact of investing in a resource efficient,resilient global energy-intensive manufacturing industry

To examine the prospects of creating a resource efficient, low-carbon economy, this paper focuses on the impacts of investing in energy, water and waste. The broader industrial sector, as well as six energy-intensive manufacturing industries is studied. A system dynamics model is developed for each selected sub-sector, which is embedded in a broader integrated framework to fully appreciate the linkages within the industries and across the economy, environment and society. This study further simulates and analyzes the key factors affecting the economic performance and environmental impacts of these industries in a resource efficient scenario compared to a business-as-usual (BAU) case. Our analysis indicates that with no additional resource-efficiency and conservation actions taken, these industries – highly exposed to rising fuel prices under BAU – will suffer from declined profitability over time. Under the alternative scenario however, an incremental investment in efficiency will not only substantially curb energy demand and emissions, but will also effectively reduce energy expenditures in all analyzed industries yielding an overall positive return on investment after nine years. Though the extent of cost saving varies across the sub-sectors due to the variation in energy mix, they will all see considerable reduction in unit production costs and increase in operating margins and profits in the medium to longer term.     

高技术风险投资发展模式的选择

资金缺乏制约了我国高新技术产业化的发展。建立科技风险投资机制是当务之急。分析了风险投资的组织模式,并对我国发展风险投资提出了几点建议。     

发展风险投资业是经济结构调整的最有效途径

经济结构调整有许多方法,发展风险投资是一种有效途径,在当前应着重发展风险投资,运用金融手段和金融工具为经济结构调整筹集大量的资金,即以必须大力发展市场经济,通过市场的调节作用,对经济结构进行战略性调整.     

“不似之似”管窥中国舞蹈的意境——兼从文学和美学的角度

舞蹈意境的特征 ,在于人体动作在舞台空间和时间当中创造出来的意象 ,这意象是具体的、真实的 ,却又是虚拟的、象征的 ,这和中国画的“不似之似”有共同特点。本文从舞蹈意境“不似之似”的审美特征入手 ,并结合文学与美学内容 ,对中国舞蹈意境的创造作一点粗陋探索。     

对高职计算机基础教学模式的改革探讨

在高职教育发展过程中,传统的教学模式和结构已不适应目前高职人才培养的需求。特别对于计算机这种实践性较强的课程,教学内容和知识结构的应用性、实践性、创新性以及知识更新已跟不上新技术的发展和变化。如何搞好计算机基础教学,培养学生的创新精神和实践能力,已成为目前高职院校进行计算机基础教学模式改革的重要内容。     

金融危机对广东农业经济的影响及对策

本文分析了目前全球金融危机对于广东省经济发展造成的影响,探讨了金融危机对广东农业经济发展可能带来的潜在危害,认为,金融危机的演化将会显著降低农民的经济收入、影响土地流转政策的有效实施、威胁广东农村及整个社会的政治稳定及和谐发展。因此,政府有关部门应实施财税支持政策,扶持中小企业发展;同时应加强中小企业生产的监管,防止恶意性破产;并积极鼓励返乡农民工自主创业;加大对返乡农民工的技能培训,从而有效化解金融危机的危害。     

Governing farmland conversion: Comparing China with the Netherlands and Germany

Farmland conversion has become an increasing concern in China and other parts of the world, including Europe and the USA. Be it for environmental or food security reasons, questions arise concerning how urbanization should be governed, i.e. what rules and regulations could enhance the efficiency and sustainability of land use. Taking a first step toward answering such questions, this paper describes different governance structures for farmland conversion in the Netherlands, Germany, and China. Secondly, it compares five identified differences between these countries in the realms of land property, land use planning, the role of the market, the role of government, and the performance of governance structures. The purpose of this paper is to develop an approach for comparing governance structures for land conversion that: (a) offers some opportunities for exchange of experience between the three countries and (b) provides a framework for further research on governance structures in farmland conversion.     

征地冲突中利益相关者的博弈分析——以地方政府与失地农民为例

研究目的：构建地方政府与失地农民的博弈模型,找出促使均衡结果合理化的因素变化关系。研究方法：博弈论。研究结果：减小失地农民的维权成本,增加失地农民的征地收益,加大对地方政府违法征地的惩罚力度,可以促使地方政府与失地农民之间博弈均衡更合理化,可以有效抑制地方政府违法征地的冲动,减少失地农民上访维权的现象,避免征地冲突的发生,促进社会经济和谐发展。     

Household Consumption Distribution in Rural China: A Consistent Two‐Step Estimation

As China continues to experience rapid urbanization, understanding the distribution of rural household consumption presents important policy implications. We take a sample of 15,606 households from the National Rural Fixed Observation Point Survey conducted by China's Ministry of Agriculture in 2010. A consistent two‐step estimation based on the quadratic almost ideal demand system model is used to assess the distribution of living expenses across eight categories of goods and services. Results show that the price elasticity of food, clothing, and transportation and communication is relatively low, whereas that of durable goods, fuel, health and medicine, culture and education, and others is high. Demographic and regional variables also considerably affect living expenses. Our conclusions can serve as significant reference for evaluating changes in consumption structure and farmers’ welfare during the course of modernization in China. This type of analysis may also be conducted in other developing countries in general. En raison de la forte accélération de l'urbanisation en Chine, une meilleure compréhension de la distribution des dépenses de consommation des ménages ruraux permettra d’élaborer de meilleures politiques. Dans la présente étude, nous avons constitué un échantillon de 15 606 ménages à partir de l'enquête National rural Fixed Observation Point réalisée par le ministère de l'Agriculture de la Chine en 2010. Nous avons appliqué une méthode d'estimation en deux étapes, fondée sur le modèle QUAIDS (système de demande presque parfait quadratique), pour évaluer la distribution des frais de subsistance dans huit catégories de biens et services. Les résultats de notre étude ont montré que l’élasticité‐prix des aliments, de l'habillement, du transport et des communications est relativement faible, tandis que celle des biens durables, du carburant, des soins de santé et des médicaments, de la culture et de l’éducation, entre autres, est élevée. Les variables démographiques et régionales ont également un impact considérable sur le niveau des dépenses. Les conclusions de notre étude peuvent servir de référence pour évaluer les changements qui touchent la structure de la consommation et le bien‐être des agriculteurs durant la modernisation de la Chine. Ce genre d'analyse peut également être appliqué à d'autres pays en développement.     

我国农地征用的经济学分析：一个理论模型

我国现行农地征用制度存在诸多问题，致使耕地锐减、农民的利益得不到保障。土地收益分配是农地征用制度改革的关键，本文建立了农地非农化的社会福利分配模型，该模型建立在农地非农化市场均衡基础上，对市场中供求双方的福利进行了分析，并得出通过调整供求曲线弹性可以调整供求双方福利。然后引入该模型对我国的农地征用的社会福利进行分析，并对现行的农地征用过程中维护土地市场稳定、保障农民利益、政府收取费用比例及农地征用补偿标准提出政策建议。