Earnings management by firms announcing earnings after SEC filing

This study examines motivation and stock market reactions of firms announcing earnings in the Wall Street Journal (WSJ) after filing with the Security Exchange Commission (SEC). Most firms announce earnings in the WSJ before SEC filing. Firms that reverse this sequence are voluntarily delaying public earnings announcements. The authors find that these firms are not only poor financial performers but also engage in earnings managements. They are delaying their WSJ announcements to postpone announcing bad news. The authors find significant stock price reactions to both the SEC filing and the WSJ announcement. The price reaction to earnings is incomplete at the SEC filings. The market continues reacting to firms' subsequent WSJ announcements as if the SEC filing fails to communicate earnings information to some investors.     

Tofacitinib in the treatment of moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis: a cost-effectiveness analysis compared with adalimumab in Taiwan

Aims: Tofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This analysis investigated the cost-effectiveness of the second-line treatment with tofacitinib, compared with adalimumab, both plus methotrexate (MTX), in patients with moderate-to-severe RA and an inadequate response to the first-line MTX, from a Taiwan National Health Insurance Administration perspective.

Materials and methods: A patient-level simulation model was used to project lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Base-case analysis compared second-line treatment with tofacitinib 5?mg twice daily plus MTX vs adalimumab 40?mg every 2?weeks plus MTX. Patients switched or discontinued treatment due to a lack or loss of effectiveness or a serious adverse event. Efficacy was measured by change in Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) score. HAQ-DI scores were used to predict mortality and resource utilization, and were mapped onto utility values to estimate QALYs. Efficacy and safety data were derived from clinical trials and other secondary sources. Uncertainty in model parameters was explored using one-way deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses.

Results: Patients gained 0.09 more QALYs with second-line tofacitinib plus MTX compared with adalimumab plus MTX (5.13 vs 5.04, respectively) at an additional cost of New Taiwan Dollars (NT$) 12,881. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was NT$143,122/QALY. One-way sensitivity analysis confirmed the base-case result was robust.

Limitations: The lack of available clinical data, particularly for HAQ-DI scores, may introduce some bias in the analysis. No patients were in an early stage of RA, which may limit the generalizability of these results. Base-case results from our study are not necessarily generalizable to countries with healthcare systems that differ considerably from Taiwan.

Conclusions: From a payer perspective, second-line treatment with tofacitinib plus MTX is a cost-effective treatment strategy, compared with adalimumab plus MTX, in patients with moderate-to-severe RA in Taiwan.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00853385.     

论区域营销系统

区域营销实质上是一个战略市场管理过程,也是一个区域财富的增长过程。文章从区域营销系统的主客体和营销的目的出发,认为区域营销系统主要由四部分构成:主体子系统、目标市场及其决策过程、产品子系统、战略管理子系统。并认为营销实质上是一个社会管理过程,是一个产品和价值交换过程,而区域营销系统网络是实现区域产品和价值交换的平台。同时还认为区域形象是区域营销的产品包装。     

生产要素对粮食产量的贡献系数分析

文章以河南省为案例,对2001年￣2003年全省109个县的数据进行定量分析,认为在既定的技术条件下,灌溉是影响粮食生产的第一要素,同时对其他要素的贡献系数又产生直接影响。灌溉对粮食产量贡献系数与当年的降水量密切相关。为保证粮食生产的稳定发展,政府应加强农田水利设施的建设,治理水污染,推广节水设备与技术,提高用水效率,同时对各种生产要素进行合理的配置。     

作业成本法在我国的应用现状及实施对策

本文首先从分析我国企业应用作业成本法的实际状况出发,通过样本分析说明我国企业目前尚无真正意义上的作业成本法,然后,对我国企业实施作业成本法的瓶颈及实施作业成本法的具体方法进行了论述。     

国有及国有控股企业的绩效评价指标体系设计

国有及国有控股企业的绩效评价指标体系是国有资产监督管理体系的重要组成部分,本文在分析现行国有和国有控股企业绩效评价指标体系局限性的基础上,对如何完善国有及国有控股企业的绩效评价指标体系进行了探讨。     

创意枭雄 智慧经营——艺术家思维，企业家行动

对于Artkey,一家在中国和美国同时开展业务的艺术授权企业，帮助企业从OEM转向ODM，增加制造业出口的利润水平。这是一家较为典型的创意产业企业，它所切入的细分市场，规模达到180亿美元。     

全球化背景下的湛江市域发展战略研究

全球化加速发展，对区域发展产生了深远影响，也引起了湛江市周边区域环境发生着变化，环北部湾经济圈的崛起、“大珠三角”和“泛珠三角”的建设、中国一东盟自由贸易区的建成以及西部大开发战略的实施。文章以此为背景，分析了湛江市的区域地位(包括区位条件、区域优势和区域地位)，对湛江市域发展战略进行了思考，提出战略目标和重点，主要在培育产业集群、构建区域创新系统、建立区域协调机制以及实施点轴带动的不平衡发展战略。     

钢铁大发展形势下的标准化工作

论述了我国钢铁大发展的形势，提出当前急需加强的钢铁标准工作。     

社会资本发展对企业财务的影响分析

社会资本理论于80年代晚期才引起理论界的广泛关注,此后又引入企业社会资本概念。社会资本的积累直接关系到企业的生存与发展,本文将社会资本理论应用于财务领域,从收益和风险两方面探讨了企业投资于社会资本应考虑的问题,为企业有目的地构建社会资本做初步分析。