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The problems that social and labour market institutions are facing today are often attributed to globalisation and ageing.
This article argues that globalisation merely exposes inherent weaknesses in social institutions while ageing aggravates them,
but that neither of the two phenomena is the fundamental cause of the challenges. Moreover, there is no inherent trade-off
between social and economic policies, but to reconcile the policies comprehensive modernisation is needed. Each country can
face the challenges should they wish to do so and converging to a single social model is neither needed nor wanted. Finally,
European (economic) and national (social) policies become increasingly intertwined and this calls for a new role for Europe.
* Bureau of European Policy Advisers, European Commission.
The authors would like to thank Tassos Belessiotis for his valuable comments. The authors would also like to thank their colleagues
Declan Costello, Georg Fischer, Agnes Hubert, Frédéric Lerais, Mattias Levin, Roger Liddle and Jér?me Vignon. In addition
valuable comments by Lans Bovenberg, Gosta Esping-Andersen, Ruud de Mooij, Frederick van der Ploeg and Fritz Scharpf were
appreciated. The views expressed in this article are the views of the authors and do not bind the European Commission. 相似文献
106.
This paper is based on research carried out in an EU Framework project, concerning the better integration of mobility management (MM) with land use planning. The objective of the paper is to analyse how, and how far, policies in this field of action can transfer from one member state to another, and to compare this to the theory of policy transfer put forward by Dolowitz and Marsh (2000), using their theory as an analytical framework, but also informing that theory. After providing a definition of this form of integration, the paper explains how far MM and land use planning are currently integrated in the EU member and other states covered in the research (Sweden, Germany, Spain, Lithuania, Poland, Slovenia, Switzerland, the UK, as well as Ireland and the Netherlands). It then presents the results of planning simulation workshops in five of these countries, where a group of planning professionals from each state considered real development sites and how MM could be integrated with the development. It shows that there is scope for transfer but concludes that barriers such as language, differing planning traditions, and the problem of transferring a new policy idea within a country will limit the scope of policy transfer significantly. Nonetheless, it sees a role for EU projects of this nature in encouraging initial consideration of new policy ideas. 相似文献
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Laboratory experiments provide an underutilized methodology for subjecting research in logistics and supply chain management to rigorous scientific scrutiny. As discussed in this paper, by following established procedures researchers can create an economic system in which behavior can be observed and replicated. With the ability to control the institution and the environment, researchers have complete information and can exogenously manipulate treatment variables, neither of which may be feasible in field work. We also address many of the reservations that skeptics of laboratory experiments often express including issues of realism, participant sophistication, and payoff stakes. We then provide several examples where experiments have been used to study issues relevant to logistics and supply chain management including auctions, wholesale practices in gasoline markets, inventory replenishment, liberalization of the electric power industry, and deregulation of the natural gas markets. Finally, we identify several additional areas where laboratory experiments could be informative. 相似文献
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W. Tom Whalen 《Review of Industrial Organization》2007,30(1):39-61
This paper estimates the effects of code-sharing, antitrust immunity, and Open Skies treaties on prices, output, and capacity
using an eleven-year panel of U.S.-Europe data. Code-sharing and immunized alliances are found to have significantly lower
prices than does traditional interline (multi-carrier) service, but the effects are smaller in magnitude than those found
in previous results that rely on cross-sectional data. Statistical tests that prices for immunized alliance service are equal
to online (single carrier) service often cannot be rejected, providing additional evidence that immunity grants allow immunized
carriers to internalize a double marginalization problem. Estimated output effects, consistent with the price effects, show
that alliances are associated with large increases in passenger volumes. Lastly, estimates suggest that capacity expansions
associated with “Open Skies” treaties are due entirely to expansion by immunized carriers on routes between their hubs.
I would like to thank the editor and an anonymous referee for their helpful comments. The views expressed in this paper do
not reflect those of the US Department of Justice. All errors are my own 相似文献